Sample Question for Testing

1.What does a tester do during "Static testing”?

A. Reviews requirements and compares them with the design
B. Runs the tests on the exact same setup each time
C. Executes test to check that all hardware has been set up correctly
D. Runs the same tests multiple times, and checks that the results are statistically meaningful

2.Which of the following answers reflect when Regression testing should normally be performed?

A. Every week
B. After the software has changed
C. On the same day each year
D. When the environment has changed
E. Before the code has been written

1. B & D are true, A, C & E are false 2. A & B are true, C, D & E are false
3. B, C & D are true, A & E are false 4. B is true, A, C, D & E are false

3. Testing that is done as extreme programming (XP), treating development as the customer of testing and emphasizing the test-first design paradigm is called as

A. Alpha testing B. Agile Testing C. Beta Testing D. Monkey Testing
4.Which IEEE standards is used for a guide for developing system requirements specifications

A. IEEE 829 B.IEEE 830 C.IEEE 1058 D.IEEE 1233
5. Which IEEE standards is used for a standard for software inspections

A. IEEE 829 B.IEEE 830 C.IEEE 1028 D.IEEE 1540



6. ----------------- Is often the responsibility of the customers or users of a system; other stakeholders may be involved as well.
A. Unit testing B. Black box testing C. Ad hock testing D. Acceptance Testing

7. Which of these are objectives for software testing?
A. Determine the productivity of programmers
B. Eliminate the need for future program maintenance
C. Eliminate every error prior to release
D. Uncover software errors
8. Which of the following is the best resource for validation testing of an object-oriented system?

A. PERT charts B. Use case scenarios C. Entity relationship diagrams D. Decomposition matrices

9. The cyclomatic complexity metric provides the designer with information regarding the number of

A. Cycles in the program B. Errors in the program
C. Independent logic paths in the program D. Statements in the program

10. You are selecting the test paths based on the locations and uses of variables. You are doing

A. White Box testing B. Black Box C. Data flow testing D. a&c E. b&c

11. What is the normal order of activities in which software testing is organized?

A. Unit, integration, system, validation B. system, integration, unit, validation
C. Unit, integration, validation, system D. none of the above
12. A tester is reviewing the test of other, on the basis of Requirement specification, Use case etc. He/She is doing
A. Static Testing B. Verification C. A&B D. None of these
13. Which type of testing you can perform, without the product specification and requirement document?
A. System testing B. Regression testing C. Exploratory Testing D. Performance Testing
14. Which is the best code Coverage Analysis
A. Condition Coverage B. Branch Coverage C. Statement Coverage D. All
15. Some body is doing the testing without a plan it’s easy and fun but not organized. It’s not repeatable. It can’t be traced and when its over there is no proofs that it was ever done. He/She is doing
A. System Testing B. Integration Testing C. Ad hock Testing D. Usability Testing
16. What statements do you consider to be the most important?
A. Testing has the primary intent of showing the system meets the users needs
B. Testing has the primary intent of finding faults
A. Only A B. Only B C. Both A&B D. None of these
17. Your Manager has assigned one model for testing. They have given the instruction to use best test approach, so that the cost of bug will be low. So, which test approach will be the best approach?

A. Analytical approaches B. Preventative approaches,
B. Methodical approaches C. Dynamic and heuristic approaches

18. You have raised a fault, but Development is unable to reproduce it. What should your next step be?

A. Let development sign off the bug as not reproducible.
B. Sign off the bug yourself as not reproducible.
C. Tell development the bug definitely exists and you will not pass it unless fixed.
D. Re-test and upon confirmation provide more detailed information to Development, talking
them through each stage if necessary

19. Which of the following strategic issues needs to be addressed in a successful software testing process?

A. Conduct formal technical reviews prior to testing B. Specify requirements in a quantifiable manner
C. Consider using independent test teams D. All of the above

20. Which of the following need to be assessed during unit testing?

A. Algorithmic performance B. Code stability C. Execution and error handling D. All of the above

21. Rank order, from first to last, the following elements to be developed when a software engineer is translating
customer expectations.

1. Actual results
2. Design specifications
3. Code
4. Functional specifications
(A) 2, 3, 4, 1 (B) 3, 4, 1, 2 (C) 4, 2, 3, 1 (D) 4, 3, 2, 1



22. Software trouble reports should be analyzed by a developer or a maintainer to determine

(A) Whether the software errors are distinguishable and reproducible
(B) Whether the maximum number of allowable errors and anomalies has been reached
(C) The problem effect and the fix rate
(D) What regression testing is required and when

23. Which two of the following are characteristics of a successful defect prevention program?
I. It is performed using a top-down approach.
II. A root cause analysis of defects is conducted.
III. Historical defect data are tracked.
IV. It is initiated at the end of the design phase.
(A) I and III (B) I and IV (C) II and III (D) II and IV

24. In which phase of a project’s development life cycle does the lack of requirements control prove most costly?
(A) Requirements (B) Design (C) Test (D) Maintenance

25. Software testing activities should start

A. During the design stage
B. As soon as the code is written
C. When the requirements have been formally documented
D. As soon as possible in the development lifecycle

26. A test design technique is
A. A process for selecting test cases
B. A process for determining expected outputs
C. A way to measure the quality of software
D. A way to describe in a test plan what has to be done
E. All of the above
27. The incremental model of software development is
A. A reasonable approach when requirements are well defined.
B. A good approach when a working core product is required quickly.
C. The best approach to use for projects with large development teams.
D. A revolutionary model that is not used for commercial products.

28. Which of the following provide useful measures of software quality?

A. Correctness, performance, integrity, usability
B. Reliability, maintainability, integrity, sales
C. Correctness, maintainability, size, satisfaction
D. Correctness, maintainability, integrity, usability

29. The linear sequential model of software development is

A. A reasonable approach when requirements are well defined.
B. A good approach when a working program is required quickly.
C. The best approach to use for projects with large development teams.
D. An old fashioned model that is rarely used any more.

30. A key concept of quality control is that all work products

A. Are delivered on time and under budget
B. Have complete documentation
C. Have measurable specifications for process outputs
C. Are thoroughly tested before delivery to the cust omer
Mock test -2
1 A
2 A
3 B
4 D
5 C
6 D
7 D
8 C
9 C
10 D
11 A
12 C
13 C
14 A
15 C
16 C
17 B
18 D
19 D
20 D
21 C
22 C
23 C
24 D
25 C
26 E
27 A
28 B
29 A
30 A

ISEB/ISTQB foundation

1. When software reliability measures are used to determine when to stop testing, the best types of test cases to use are those that

(A) Push the system beyond its designed operation limits and is likely to make the system fail
(B) Exercise unusual and obscure scenarios that may not have been considered in design
(C) Exercise system functions in proportion to the frequency they will be used in the released product
(D) Exercise the most complicated and the most error-prone portions of the system

2. The inspection process assigns different roles to each of the inspectors in order to

(A) Keep the inspection teams small and manageable
(B) Encourage different viewpoints during the inspection process
(C) Use fewer organizational resources at any point in time
(D) Empower the inspection team members


3. The publisher of a social services resource guide has contracted for the development of an electronic version of
its guide. The product has been loosely defined to date due to the limited knowledge of the technology available
to the user community and to the limited technical expertise of the publisher’s staff. The development team
for this project will consist of two employees who are new to the company and one programmer with minimal
experience. Which of the following approaches would best serve the needs of this project?

A. Clean room methods B. Waterfall model C. Object oriented development D. Iterative development

4. A software quality assurance plan should be based principally on the quality requirements of

A. IEEE 730 B. ISO 9001 C. The customer/Clients D. Software engineering

5. Equivalence class partitioning is a testing technique best defined as the organization of each

A. Element of the specification into workable pieces B. Combination of states into two or more groups
C. Program function by intuition and experience D. Input domain into two or more groups

6. Which of the following models is characterized as being suitable for a software development project that has well-defined requirements?

A. Prototyping B. Spiral C. Waterfall D. Iterative

7.Records of the results of inspections should include which of the following?

(A) Identification of inspectors, list of defects, and date performed
(B) Work product, list of defects, and configuration status
(C) Identification of inspectors, their qualifications, and their training records
(D) Date performed, management approval, and resources used

8.The following code segment contains a potential “divide by 0” error.

J=50
K=1
While (N>=10) and (N<=10) loop
M [K] = J/N
K = K + 1
N = N 1
End loop

Which of the following is the most effective way of detecting this error?
A. Boundary testing B. Condition testing C. Compilation of the source code D. Source code inspection

9. Which of the following statements is NOT true about a software verification and validation program?

(A) It strives to ensure that quality is built into software.
(B) It provides management with insights into the state of a software project.
(C) It ensures that alpha, beta, and system tests are performed.
(D) It is executed in parallel with software development activities.

10.Which two of the following are characteristics of a successful defect prevention program?

I. It is performed using a top-down approach.
II. A root cause analysis of defects is conducted.
III. Historical defect data are tracked.
IV. It is initiated at the end of the design phase.
A. I and III B. IV and I C. II and III D. II and IV

11. Which of the following strategic issues needs to be addressed in a successful software testing process?

A. Conduct formal technical reviews prior to testing
B. specify requirements in a quantifiable manner
C. consider using independent test teams
D. all of the above

12. Regression testing should be a normal part of integration testing because as a new module is added to the system new

A. Control logic and data flow paths are invoked B. Memory size increases
C. Drivers require testing D. A and B.

13. Which of the following are objectives for formal technical reviews?
A. Allow senior staff members to correct errors
B. Assess programmer productivity
C. Par determining who introduced an error into a program
D. Uncover errors in software work products

14. When a defect is fixed in production how rather than in requirement, how much expensive is that

A. 5 times B. 50 times C. 500 times D. None

15. Which of the following Test cannot be automated?

A. Performance testing B. Regression Testing C. UAT D. None

16. The incremental model of software development is

A. A reasonable approach when requirements are well defined.
B. A good approach when a working core product is required quickly.
C. The best approach to use for projects with large development teams.
D. A revolutionary model that is not used for commercial products.

17. Software testing activities should start
A. As soon as the code is written B. During the design stage
C. When the requirements have been formally documented D. As soon as possible in the development lifecycle
18. Which is not system level testing?
A. System Testing B. Performance Testing C. Installable Testing D. None
19. Compatibility testing uses
A. All S/W component B. All H/W component C. All N/W component D. A&B E. A&B&C
20. Acceptance test plan is prepared from
A. SRS B.HLD C. DD D.ULD/URD
21. For what purpose IEEE 829 template is used
A. Unit Testing B. Integration Testing C. Test Plan D. Test Documentation
22. Which of the following not comes under testing process?
A. Plan test B. Execute Test C. Manage Test D.Develop Test E. None of these
23. BS 7925-2 is standard for
A. Software Component testing B. Software Test Plan C. Unit Testing D. Integration Testing
24.Which of the following is test design technique
A. Equivalence Partioning B. Cause Effect Graphing C. Boundary Value Analysis D. All
25.Which of the following is the standard for software Unit Testing
A. IEEE 1008 B.IEEE 1009 C.IEEE 10288 D. IEEE 829
26. IEEE 1012 is standard for software
A. Unit Testing B. Software Review C. Verification and Validation D. Test Documentation
27. IEEE 10288 is standard for software
A. Unit Testing B. Software Review C. Verification and Validation D. Test Documentation
28. Which of the following is the standard for the software Test Documentation
A. IEEE 1012 B. IEEE 729 C.IEEE 829 D. IEEE 10288
29. You have delivered a product to the customer, insuring that there is no high severity. After certain time he/she found the bug in the production environment. Then the cost of bug will be
A. Low B. Medium C. High D. Very High
30. Just like with Salman. It’s difficult to swim in upstream. Each step is a discrete, standalone process that follows the one before it. If you get to the end and find that something should have happed further up. It’s too late to go back. This type of tendency found in which SDLC model
A. V-Model B. Spiral Model C. Rapid Application Development D. Water Fall model



Mock Test Paper-I

1 C
2 B
3 D
4 C
5 D
6 C
7 A
8 D
9 C
10 C
11 D
12 D
13 D
14 C
15 C
16 A
17 C
18 D
19 E
20 A
21 D
22 E
23 A
24 D
25 A
26 C
27 B
28 C
29 D
30 D

ISTQB sample Questions

___________ Testing will be performed by the people at client own locations (1M)

A. Alpha testing B. Field testing C. Performance testing D. System testing

System testing should investigate (2M)
Non-functional requirements only not Functional requirements
Functional requirements only not non-functional requirements
Non-functional requirements and Functional requirements
Non-functional requirements or Functional requirements

Which is the non-functional testing (1M)

A. Performance testing B. Unit testing
C. Regression testing D. Sanity testing

Who is responsible for document all the issues, problems and open point that were identified during the review meeting (2M)

A. Moderator B. Scribe C. Reviewers D. Author

What is the main purpose of Informal review (2M)

A. Inexpensive way to get some benefit
B. Find defects
C. Learning, gaining understanding, effect finding
D. Discuss, make decisions, solve technical problems


Purpose of test design technique is (1M)

A. Identifying test conditions only, not Identifying test cases
B. Not Identifying test conditions, Identifying test cases only
C. Identifying test conditions and Identifying test cases
D. Identifying test conditions or Identifying test cases

___________ technique can be used to achieve input and output coverage (1M)

A. Boundary value analysis B. Equivalence partitioning
C. Decision table testing D. State transition testing

Use cases can be performed to test (2M)

A. Performance testing B. Unit testing
C. Business scenarios D. Static testing

________________ testing is performed at the developing organization’s site (1M)

A. Unit testing B. Regression testing
C. Alpha testing D. Integration testing

The purpose of exit criteria is (2M)

Define when to stop testing
End of test level
When a set of tests has achieved a specific pre condition
All of the above

Which is not the project risks (2M)

A. Supplier issues B. Organization factors
C. Technical issues D. Error-prone software delivered

Poor software characteristics are (3M)

Only Project risks
Only Product risks
Project risks and Product risks
Project risks or Product risks
________ and ________ are used within individual workbenches to produce the right output products. (2M)

A. Tools and techniques B. Procedures and standards
C. Processes and walkthroughs D. Reviews and updates


The software engineer's role in tool selection is (3M)

A. To identify, evaluate, and rank tools, and recommend tools to management
B. To determine what kind of tool is needed, then find it and buy it
C. To initiate the tool search and present a case to management
D. To identify, evaluate and select the tools

A _____ is the step-by-step method followed to ensure that standards are met (2M)

A. SDLC B. Project Plan C. Policy D. Procedure

Which of the following is the standard for the Software product quality (1M)

A. ISO 1926 B. ISO 829 C. ISO 1012 D. ISO 1028

Which is not the testing objectives (1M)

A. Finding defects
B. Gaining confidence about the level of quality and providing information
C. Preventing defects.
D. Debugging defects

Bug life cycle (1M)

Open, Assigned, Fixed, Closed
Open, Fixed, Assigned, Closed
Assigned, Open, Closed, Fixed
Assigned, Open, Fixed, Closed

Which is not the software characteristics (1M)

A. Reliability B. Usability C. Scalability D. Maintainability

Which is not a testing principle (2M)

A. Early testing B. Defect clustering
C. Pesticide paradox D. Exhaustive testing

‘X’ has given a data on a person age, which should be between 1 to 99. Using BVA which is the appropriate one (3M)

A. 0,1,2,99 B. 1, 99, 100, 98 C. 0, 1, 99, 100 D. –1, 0, 1, 99

Which is not the fundamental test process (1M)

A. Planning and control B. Test closure activities
C. Analysis and design D. None

Which is not a Component testing (2M)

A. Check the memory leaks B. Check the robustness
C. Check the branch coverage D. Check the decision tables

PDCA is known as (1M)

A. Plan, Do, Check, Act B. Plan, Do, Correct, Act
C. Plan, Debug, Check, Act D. Plan, Do, Check, Accept

Contract and regulation testing is a part of (2M)

A. System testing B. Acceptance testing
C. Integration testing D. Smoke testing

Which is not a black box testing technique (1M)

A. Equivalence partition B. Decision tables
C. Transaction diagrams D. Decision testing

Arc testing is known as (2M)

A. Branch testing B. Agile testing
C. Beta testing D. Ad-hoc testing

A software model that can’t be used in functional testing (2M)

A. Process flow model B. State transaction model
C. Menu structure model D. Plain language specification model

Find the mismatch (2M)

Test data preparation tools – Manipulate Data bases
Test design tools – Generate test inputs
Requirement management tools – Enables individual tests to be traceable
Configuration management tools – Check for consistence





The principle of Cyclomatic complexity, considering L as edges or links, N as nodes, P as independent paths (2M)

A. L-N +2P
B. N-L +2P
C. N-L +P
D. N-L +P

FPA is used to (2M)

To measure the functional requirements of the project
To measure the size of the functionality of an Information system
To measure the functional testing effort
To measure the functional flow

Which is not a test Oracle (2M)

The existing system (For a bench mark)
The code
Individual’s knowledge
User manual

Find the correct flow of the phases of a formal review (3M)

Planning, Review meeting, Rework, Kick off
Planning, Individual preparation, Kick off, Rework
Planning, Review meeting, Rework, Follow up
Planning, Individual preparation, Follow up, Kick off

Stochastic testing using statistical information or operational profiles uses the following method (3M)

Heuristic testing approach
Methodical testing approach
Model based testing approach
Process or standard compliant testing approach










A project that is in the implementation phase is six weeks behind schedule. The delivery date for the product is four months away. The project is not allowed to slip the delivery date or compromise on the quality standards established for this product. Which of the following actions would bring this project back on schedule? (3M)

Eliminate some of the requirements that have not yet been implemented.
Add more engineers to the project to make up for lost work.
Ask the current developers to work overtime until the lost work is recovered.
Hire more software quality assurance personnel.

36. One person has been dominating the current software process improvement meeting. Which of the following techniques should the facilitator use to bring other team members into the discussion? (3M)

A. Confront the person and ask that other team members be allowed to express their opinions.
B. Wait for the person to pause, acknowledge the person’ s opinion, and ask for someone else’ s opinion.
C. Switch the topic to an issue about which the person does not have a strong opinion.
D. Express an opinion that differs from the person’ s opinion in order to encourage others to express their ideas.

Maintenance releases and technical assistance centers are examples of which of the following costs of quality? (3M)

A. External failure
B. Internal failure
C. Appraisal
D. Prevention













All the best

ISTQB Foundation Level Second Batch (8th July 2006)
Mock Test 1 Key

Q.No
Answer
Q.No
Answer
1
B
20
D
2
C
21
C
3
A
22
D
4
B
23
D
5
A
24
A
6
C
25
B
7
B
26
D
8
C
27
A
9
C
28
C
10
D
29
D
11
D
30
A
12
B
31
B
13
B
32
B
14
A
33
C
15
D
34
C
16
A
35
A
17
D
36
B
18
A
37
A
19
C

ISTQB sample Questions

___________ Testing will be performed by the people at client own locations (1M)

A. Alpha testing B. Field testing C. Performance testing D. System testing

System testing should investigate (2M)
Non-functional requirements only not Functional requirements
Functional requirements only not non-functional requirements
Non-functional requirements and Functional requirements
Non-functional requirements or Functional requirements

Which is the non-functional testing (1M)

A. Performance testing B. Unit testing
C. Regression testing D. Sanity testing

Who is responsible for document all the issues, problems and open point that were identified during the review meeting (2M)

A. Moderator B. Scribe C. Reviewers D. Author

What is the main purpose of Informal review (2M)

A. Inexpensive way to get some benefit
B. Find defects
C. Learning, gaining understanding, effect finding
D. Discuss, make decisions, solve technical problems


Purpose of test design technique is (1M)

A. Identifying test conditions only, not Identifying test cases
B. Not Identifying test conditions, Identifying test cases only
C. Identifying test conditions and Identifying test cases
D. Identifying test conditions or Identifying test cases

___________ technique can be used to achieve input and output coverage (1M)

A. Boundary value analysis B. Equivalence partitioning
C. Decision table testing D. State transition testing

Use cases can be performed to test (2M)

A. Performance testing B. Unit testing
C. Business scenarios D. Static testing

________________ testing is performed at the developing organization’s site (1M)

A. Unit testing B. Regression testing
C. Alpha testing D. Integration testing

The purpose of exit criteria is (2M)

Define when to stop testing
End of test level
When a set of tests has achieved a specific pre condition
All of the above

Which is not the project risks (2M)

A. Supplier issues B. Organization factors
C. Technical issues D. Error-prone software delivered

Poor software characteristics are (3M)

Only Project risks
Only Product risks
Project risks and Product risks
Project risks or Product risks
________ and ________ are used within individual workbenches to produce the right output products. (2M)

A. Tools and techniques B. Procedures and standards
C. Processes and walkthroughs D. Reviews and updates


The software engineer's role in tool selection is (3M)

A. To identify, evaluate, and rank tools, and recommend tools to management
B. To determine what kind of tool is needed, then find it and buy it
C. To initiate the tool search and present a case to management
D. To identify, evaluate and select the tools

A _____ is the step-by-step method followed to ensure that standards are met (2M)

A. SDLC B. Project Plan C. Policy D. Procedure

Which of the following is the standard for the Software product quality (1M)

A. ISO 1926 B. ISO 829 C. ISO 1012 D. ISO 1028

Which is not the testing objectives (1M)

A. Finding defects
B. Gaining confidence about the level of quality and providing information
C. Preventing defects.
D. Debugging defects

Bug life cycle (1M)

Open, Assigned, Fixed, Closed
Open, Fixed, Assigned, Closed
Assigned, Open, Closed, Fixed
Assigned, Open, Fixed, Closed

Which is not the software characteristics (1M)

A. Reliability B. Usability C. Scalability D. Maintainability

Which is not a testing principle (2M)

A. Early testing B. Defect clustering
C. Pesticide paradox D. Exhaustive testing

‘X’ has given a data on a person age, which should be between 1 to 99. Using BVA which is the appropriate one (3M)

A. 0,1,2,99 B. 1, 99, 100, 98 C. 0, 1, 99, 100 D. –1, 0, 1, 99

Which is not the fundamental test process (1M)

A. Planning and control B. Test closure activities
C. Analysis and design D. None

Which is not a Component testing (2M)

A. Check the memory leaks B. Check the robustness
C. Check the branch coverage D. Check the decision tables

PDCA is known as (1M)

A. Plan, Do, Check, Act B. Plan, Do, Correct, Act
C. Plan, Debug, Check, Act D. Plan, Do, Check, Accept

Contract and regulation testing is a part of (2M)

A. System testing B. Acceptance testing
C. Integration testing D. Smoke testing

Which is not a black box testing technique (1M)

A. Equivalence partition B. Decision tables
C. Transaction diagrams D. Decision testing

Arc testing is known as (2M)

A. Branch testing B. Agile testing
C. Beta testing D. Ad-hoc testing

A software model that can’t be used in functional testing (2M)

A. Process flow model B. State transaction model
C. Menu structure model D. Plain language specification model

Find the mismatch (2M)

Test data preparation tools – Manipulate Data bases
Test design tools – Generate test inputs
Requirement management tools – Enables individual tests to be traceable
Configuration management tools – Check for consistence





The principle of Cyclomatic complexity, considering L as edges or links, N as nodes, P as independent paths (2M)

A. L-N +2P
B. N-L +2P
C. N-L +P
D. N-L +P

FPA is used to (2M)

To measure the functional requirements of the project
To measure the size of the functionality of an Information system
To measure the functional testing effort
To measure the functional flow

Which is not a test Oracle (2M)

The existing system (For a bench mark)
The code
Individual’s knowledge
User manual

Find the correct flow of the phases of a formal review (3M)

Planning, Review meeting, Rework, Kick off
Planning, Individual preparation, Kick off, Rework
Planning, Review meeting, Rework, Follow up
Planning, Individual preparation, Follow up, Kick off

Stochastic testing using statistical information or operational profiles uses the following method (3M)

Heuristic testing approach
Methodical testing approach
Model based testing approach
Process or standard compliant testing approach










A project that is in the implementation phase is six weeks behind schedule. The delivery date for the product is four months away. The project is not allowed to slip the delivery date or compromise on the quality standards established for this product. Which of the following actions would bring this project back on schedule? (3M)

Eliminate some of the requirements that have not yet been implemented.
Add more engineers to the project to make up for lost work.
Ask the current developers to work overtime until the lost work is recovered.
Hire more software quality assurance personnel.

36. One person has been dominating the current software process improvement meeting. Which of the following techniques should the facilitator use to bring other team members into the discussion? (3M)

A. Confront the person and ask that other team members be allowed to express their opinions.
B. Wait for the person to pause, acknowledge the person’ s opinion, and ask for someone else’ s opinion.
C. Switch the topic to an issue about which the person does not have a strong opinion.
D. Express an opinion that differs from the person’ s opinion in order to encourage others to express their ideas.

Maintenance releases and technical assistance centers are examples of which of the following costs of quality? (3M)

A. External failure
B. Internal failure
C. Appraisal
D. Prevention













All the best

1
B
20
D
2
C
21
C
3
A
22
D
4
B
23
D
5
A
24
A
6
C
25
B
7
B
26
D
8
C
27
A
9
C
28
C
10
D
29
D
11
D
30
A
12
B
31
B
13
B
32
B
14
A
33
C
15
D
34
C
16
A
35
A
17
D
36
B
18
A
37
A
19
C