Here's a quick guide you can follow to help flatten your stomach. Print this list out and post it somewhere in your house where you'll see it.
1. Walk/jog for 30 minutes at least 3 times per week to boost your metabolism in order to burn that fat.
2. Eat a small handful of almonds (at least 6) every morning. Almonds are one of the healthiest snacks you can eat and the protein is good for burning fat.
3. Purchase a DVD and do the exercises at least 2-3 times per week. Works on toning your entire body with concentration on your powerhouse (middle section) and will improve your flexibility.
4. Add fiber to your diet and cut down your intake of the bad crabs. Foods such as white bread, pastas, potatoes, and white rice should be limited. Eat brown rice and whole wheat bread instead. To get that needed fiber increase your intake of fresh fruits and vegetables (especially the leafy green ones).
5. Drink skim milk instead of whole milk. Keep your dairy intake at a minimum because these products often cause bloating and gas.
6. Perform proper crunches at least 3 times a week to train your abs. Avoid sit-ups because they really do very little to firm your stomach. Sit-ups work your hip flexors more than anything else.
7. Drink plenty of water. You should be drinking 6 to 8 glasses per day. Not only will it help fill you up so you eat less, but it aids in digestion.
8. Stop eating within 3 hours of bedtime. If you have to munch on something, eat a small portion of vegetables or fruit. Not eating late can make a huge difference.
9. Eat smaller meals more often instead of 2-3 big meals per day to keep from having that bloated look and feeling. Eating more meals actually kicks up your metabolism.
10. Take a break from healthy eating once in a while and treat yourself to your favorite dessert. If you completely deprive yourself of the foods you love you'll run the risk of going back to your bad eating habits. Moderation is the key.
Just remember that slow and steady wins the race when it comes to slimming your waistline and flattening your stomach. There's no such thing as losing your stomach fast. You have to work at it daily and remain consistent with your diet and exercise.
Ref: Time Pass Mails.com
Monday, October 5, 2009
Saturday, October 3, 2009
* For building iron in your body eat plenty of spinach juice.
* If you exercise with music, you will exercise longer and enjoy it more. Choose something upbeat and energizing.
* On a busy day, take 20 minutes to go for a brisk walk to help reduce stress.
* Eat most of your fat and calories for the day, in the morning. Doing this will put your metabolism into high gear. Then eat lean the rest of the day.
* While running, if you have stomach cramps, stop and bend forward from the waist. Breath in and out, slowly and deeply while contracting your abdominal muscles.
* While doing housework, increase the pace to get some extra exercise and calorie burning.
* If you are having problems with migrain headaches, drink some hot tea with honey and this should help ease the pain.
* Always take the steps instead of the elevator if you plan on cutting down those extra calories.
* Eat a bowl of oatmeal each day to lower your cholesterol.
* Drink plenty of water since it helps liver function well and your body will benefit and that will show from your glowing skin. So also drink plenty of water before, during and after exercising.
* To lower blood pressure, improve your mood and relieve depression, exercise regularly.
* If you experience pain, dizziness, shortness of breath, irregular heartbeat or increased fatigue while exercising, call a doctor immediately.
* Begin your workout with warm-up exercises and end with cool-down exercises.
* If you suffer from eczema, avoid heat and sweating.
* Wear loose, lightweight clothing while exercising. Choose natural fabrics that will breathe.
* When it is hot outside, drink more water and avoid caffeine and alcoholic beverages.
* Ear ache - place a piece of potato (raw) in the ear-remove later.
* Breathe naturally while doing stretching exercises. Never hold your breath.
* Make soups the day before and refrigerate. Skim the fat off the top before reheating.
* To feel as though you are eating more, slow down and chew thoroughly. Take at least 20 minutes to eat a meal. Taking longer to eat will make you feel fuller and also helps in digesting food properly.
* When going to see a doctor, write down the questions you want to ask. Also, write down the answers. If you don't understand the answer, ask again! Take along any medication bottles you are taking.
* Keep your attitude positive and smile.
* urning down the lights an hour or two before bedtime will help you get a better night's sleep.
* Avoid smoke-filled rooms and breathing or exercising near busy roads. Exercise in clean environment.
Ref: Time Pass Mails..
* If you exercise with music, you will exercise longer and enjoy it more. Choose something upbeat and energizing.
* On a busy day, take 20 minutes to go for a brisk walk to help reduce stress.
* Eat most of your fat and calories for the day, in the morning. Doing this will put your metabolism into high gear. Then eat lean the rest of the day.
* While running, if you have stomach cramps, stop and bend forward from the waist. Breath in and out, slowly and deeply while contracting your abdominal muscles.
* While doing housework, increase the pace to get some extra exercise and calorie burning.
* If you are having problems with migrain headaches, drink some hot tea with honey and this should help ease the pain.
* Always take the steps instead of the elevator if you plan on cutting down those extra calories.
* Eat a bowl of oatmeal each day to lower your cholesterol.
* Drink plenty of water since it helps liver function well and your body will benefit and that will show from your glowing skin. So also drink plenty of water before, during and after exercising.
* To lower blood pressure, improve your mood and relieve depression, exercise regularly.
* If you experience pain, dizziness, shortness of breath, irregular heartbeat or increased fatigue while exercising, call a doctor immediately.
* Begin your workout with warm-up exercises and end with cool-down exercises.
* If you suffer from eczema, avoid heat and sweating.
* Wear loose, lightweight clothing while exercising. Choose natural fabrics that will breathe.
* When it is hot outside, drink more water and avoid caffeine and alcoholic beverages.
* Ear ache - place a piece of potato (raw) in the ear-remove later.
* Breathe naturally while doing stretching exercises. Never hold your breath.
* Make soups the day before and refrigerate. Skim the fat off the top before reheating.
* To feel as though you are eating more, slow down and chew thoroughly. Take at least 20 minutes to eat a meal. Taking longer to eat will make you feel fuller and also helps in digesting food properly.
* When going to see a doctor, write down the questions you want to ask. Also, write down the answers. If you don't understand the answer, ask again! Take along any medication bottles you are taking.
* Keep your attitude positive and smile.
* urning down the lights an hour or two before bedtime will help you get a better night's sleep.
* Avoid smoke-filled rooms and breathing or exercising near busy roads. Exercise in clean environment.
Ref: Time Pass Mails..
Thursday, October 1, 2009
health Tips....
Answer the phone by LEFT ear.
Do not drink coffee TWICE a day.
Do not take pills with COOL water.
Do not have HUGE meals after 5pm.
Reduce the amount of OILY food you consume.
Drink more WATER in the morning, less at night.
Keep your distance from hand phone CHARGERS.
Do not use headphones/earphone for LONG period of time.
Best sleeping time is from 10pm at night to 6am in the morning.
Do not lie down immediately after taking medicine before sleeping.
When battery is down to the LAST grid/bar, do not answer the phone as the radiation is 1000 times.
Do not drink coffee TWICE a day.
Do not take pills with COOL water.
Do not have HUGE meals after 5pm.
Reduce the amount of OILY food you consume.
Drink more WATER in the morning, less at night.
Keep your distance from hand phone CHARGERS.
Do not use headphones/earphone for LONG period of time.
Best sleeping time is from 10pm at night to 6am in the morning.
Do not lie down immediately after taking medicine before sleeping.
When battery is down to the LAST grid/bar, do not answer the phone as the radiation is 1000 times.
Monday, July 27, 2009
CSS JAVASCRIPT EXAMPLE
CSS JAVASCRIPT EXAMPLE
"
< html >
< head>
< title>Select a Flight< /title>
< LINK rel="stylesheet" href="transform.css" type="text/css"/>
< script type="text/javascript" language="javascript">
function toggle(id) {
if(document.getElementById(id).style.display=='block')
{
document.getElementById(id).style.display='none';
document.getElementById(id).style.visibility='hidden';
//alert('Its hidden now');
}
else
{
document.getElementById(id).style.display='block';
document.getElementById(id).style.visibility='visible';
//alert('Its displaying now');
}
}
< /script>
< /head>
Pricing Information:
.PricingInfo {
font-style: normal;
color: black;
font-family: "Gill Sans MT", Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
font-weight: bold;
font-size: 12pt
}
"
"
< html >
< head>
< title>Select a Flight< /title>
< LINK rel="stylesheet" href="transform.css" type="text/css"/>
< script type="text/javascript" language="javascript">
function toggle(id) {
if(document.getElementById(id).style.display=='block')
{
document.getElementById(id).style.display='none';
document.getElementById(id).style.visibility='hidden';
//alert('Its hidden now');
}
else
{
document.getElementById(id).style.display='block';
document.getElementById(id).style.visibility='visible';
//alert('Its displaying now');
}
}
< /script>
< /head>
Pricing Information:
.PricingInfo {
font-style: normal;
color: black;
font-family: "Gill Sans MT", Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
font-weight: bold;
font-size: 12pt
}
"
Friday, July 24, 2009
Introduction to Web Services
Introduction to Web Services
________________________________________
Web Services can make your applications Web applications.
Web Services are published, found and used through the Web.
________________________________________
What You Should Already Know
Before you continue you should have a basic understanding of the following:
• HTML
• XML
If you want to study these subjects first, find the tutorials on our Home page.
________________________________________
What are Web Services?
• Web services are application components
• Web services communicate using open protocols
• Web services are self-contained and self-describing
• Web services can be discovered using UDDI
• Web services can be used by other applications
• XML is the basis for Web services
________________________________________
How Does it Work?
The basic Web services platform is XML + HTTP.
The HTTP protocol is the most used Internet protocol.
XML provides a language which can be used between different platforms and programming languages and still express complex messages and functions.
Web services platform elements
• SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol)
• UDDI (Universal Description, Discovery and Integration)
• WSDL (Web Services Description Language)
We will explain these topics later in the tutorial
________________________________________
The Future of Web services
Don't expect too much, too soon.
The Web Services platform is a simple, interoperable, messaging framework. It still misses many important features like security and routing. But, these pieces will come once SOAP becomes more advanced.
Hopefully, Web services can make it much easier for applications to communicate
Why Web Services?
________________________________________
A few years ago Web services were not fast enough to be interesting.
Thanks to the major IT development the last few years, most people and companies have broadband connection and use the web more and more.
________________________________________
Interoperability has highest priority.
When all major platforms could access the Web using Web browsers, different platforms could interact. For these platforms to work together, Web applications were developed.
Web applications are simple applications run on the web. These are built around the Web browser standards and can mostly be used by any browser on any platform.
________________________________________
Web services take Web applications to the next level.
Using Web services your application can publish its function or message to the rest of the world.
Web services uses XML to code and decode your data and SOAP to transport it using open protocols.
With Web services your accounting departments Win 2k servers billing system can connect with your IT suppliers UNIX server.
________________________________________
Web services have two types of uses.
Reusable application components
There are things different applications needs very often. So why make these over and over again?
Web services can offer application components like currency conversion, weather reports or even language translation as services.
Ideally, there will only be one type of each application component, and anyone can use it in their application.
Connect existing software
Web services help solve the interoperability problem by giving different applications a way to link their data.
Using Web services you can exchange data between different applications and different platforms.
Web Services Platform Elements
________________________________________
Web Services have three basic platform elements.
These are called SOAP, WSDL and UDDI.
________________________________________
What is SOAP?
The basic Web services platform is XML plus HTTP.
• SOAP stands for Simple Object Access Protocol
• SOAP is a communication protocol
• SOAP is for communication between applications
• SOAP is a format for sending messages
• SOAP is designed to communicate via Internet
• SOAP is platform independent
• SOAP is language independent
• SOAP is based on XML
• SOAP is simple and extensible
• SOAP allows you to get around firewalls
• SOAP will be developed as a W3C standard
Read more about SOAP on our Home page.
________________________________________
What is WSDL?
WSDL is an XML-based language for describing Web services and how to access them.
• WSDL stands for Web Services Description Language
• WSDL is written in XML
• WSDL is an XML document
• WSDL is used to describe Web services
• WSDL is also used to locate Web services
• WSDL is not yet a W3C standard
Read more about WSDL on our Home page.
________________________________________
What is UDDI?
UDDI is a directory service where businesses can register and search for Web services.
• UDDI stands for Universal Description, Discovery and Integration
• UDDI is a directory for storing information about web services
• UDDI is a directory of web service interfaces described by WSDL
• UDDI communicates via SOAP
• UDDI is built into the Microsoft .NET platform
Read more about UDDI on our Home page.
Web Service Example
________________________________________
Any application can have a Web Service component.
Web Services can be created regardless of programming language.
________________________________________
An example ASP.NET Web Service
In this example we use ASP.NET to create a simple Web Service.
<%@ WebService Language="VB" Class="TempConvert" %>
Imports System
Imports System.Web.Services
Public Class TempConvert :Inherits WebService
Public Function FahrenheitToCelsius
(ByVal Fahrenheit As Int16) As Int16
Dim celsius As Int16
celsius = ((((Fahrenheit) - 32) / 9) * 5)
Return celsius
End Function
Public Function CelsiusToFahrenheit
(ByVal Celsius As Int16) As Int16
Dim fahrenheit As Int16
fahrenheit = ((((Celsius) * 9) / 5) + 32)
Return fahrenheit
End Function
End Class
This document is a .asmx file. This is the ASP.NET file extension for XML Web Services.
________________________________________
To run this example you will need a .NET server.
The first line in this document that it is a Web Service, written in VB and the class name is "TempConvert":
<%@ WebService Language="VB" Class="TempConvert" %>
The next lines imports the namespace "System.Web.Services" from the .NET framework.
Imports System
Imports System.Web.Services
The next line defines that the "TempConvert" class is a WebSerivce class type:
Public Class TempConvert :Inherits WebService
The next step is basic VB programming. This application has two functions. One to convert from Fahrenheit to Celsius, and one to convert from Celsius to Fahrenheit.
The only difference from a normal application is that this function is defined as a "WebMethod".
Use "WebMethod" to mark the functions in your application that you would like to make into web services.
Public Function FahrenheitToCelsius
(ByVal Fahrenheit As Int16) As Int16
Dim celsius As Int16
celsius = ((((Fahrenheit) - 32) / 9) * 5)
Return celsius
End Function
Public Function CelsiusToFahrenheit
(ByVal Celsius As Int16) As Int16
Dim fahrenheit As Int16
fahrenheit = ((((Celsius) * 9) / 5) + 32)
Return fahrenheit
End Function
The last thing to do is to end the function and the class:
End Function
End Class
If you save this as an .asmx file and publish it on a server with .NET support, you should have your first working Web Service. Like our example Web Service
________________________________________
ASP.NET automates the process
With ASP.NET you do not have to write your own WSDL and SOAP documents.
If you look closer on our example Web Service. You will see that the ASP.NET has automatically created a WSDL and SOAP request.
Web Service Use
________________________________________
Using our example ASP.NET Web Service
In the previous example we created an example Web Service.
The Fahrenheit to Celsius function can be tested here: FahrenheitToCelsius.
The Celsius to Fahrenheit function can be tested here: CelsiusToFahrenheit.
________________________________________
These functions will send you a XML reply.
These test use HTTP POST and will send a XML response like this:
38
________________________________________
Use a form to access a Web Service.
Using a form and HTTP POST, you can put our web service on your site, like this:
Fahrenheit to Celsius:
Celsius to Fahrenheit:
________________________________________
You can put our Web Service on your site.
Here is the code to put our Web Service on your site:
method="POST">
method="POST">
________________________________________
Web Services can make your applications Web applications.
Web Services are published, found and used through the Web.
________________________________________
What You Should Already Know
Before you continue you should have a basic understanding of the following:
• HTML
• XML
If you want to study these subjects first, find the tutorials on our Home page.
________________________________________
What are Web Services?
• Web services are application components
• Web services communicate using open protocols
• Web services are self-contained and self-describing
• Web services can be discovered using UDDI
• Web services can be used by other applications
• XML is the basis for Web services
________________________________________
How Does it Work?
The basic Web services platform is XML + HTTP.
The HTTP protocol is the most used Internet protocol.
XML provides a language which can be used between different platforms and programming languages and still express complex messages and functions.
Web services platform elements
• SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol)
• UDDI (Universal Description, Discovery and Integration)
• WSDL (Web Services Description Language)
We will explain these topics later in the tutorial
________________________________________
The Future of Web services
Don't expect too much, too soon.
The Web Services platform is a simple, interoperable, messaging framework. It still misses many important features like security and routing. But, these pieces will come once SOAP becomes more advanced.
Hopefully, Web services can make it much easier for applications to communicate
Why Web Services?
________________________________________
A few years ago Web services were not fast enough to be interesting.
Thanks to the major IT development the last few years, most people and companies have broadband connection and use the web more and more.
________________________________________
Interoperability has highest priority.
When all major platforms could access the Web using Web browsers, different platforms could interact. For these platforms to work together, Web applications were developed.
Web applications are simple applications run on the web. These are built around the Web browser standards and can mostly be used by any browser on any platform.
________________________________________
Web services take Web applications to the next level.
Using Web services your application can publish its function or message to the rest of the world.
Web services uses XML to code and decode your data and SOAP to transport it using open protocols.
With Web services your accounting departments Win 2k servers billing system can connect with your IT suppliers UNIX server.
________________________________________
Web services have two types of uses.
Reusable application components
There are things different applications needs very often. So why make these over and over again?
Web services can offer application components like currency conversion, weather reports or even language translation as services.
Ideally, there will only be one type of each application component, and anyone can use it in their application.
Connect existing software
Web services help solve the interoperability problem by giving different applications a way to link their data.
Using Web services you can exchange data between different applications and different platforms.
Web Services Platform Elements
________________________________________
Web Services have three basic platform elements.
These are called SOAP, WSDL and UDDI.
________________________________________
What is SOAP?
The basic Web services platform is XML plus HTTP.
• SOAP stands for Simple Object Access Protocol
• SOAP is a communication protocol
• SOAP is for communication between applications
• SOAP is a format for sending messages
• SOAP is designed to communicate via Internet
• SOAP is platform independent
• SOAP is language independent
• SOAP is based on XML
• SOAP is simple and extensible
• SOAP allows you to get around firewalls
• SOAP will be developed as a W3C standard
Read more about SOAP on our Home page.
________________________________________
What is WSDL?
WSDL is an XML-based language for describing Web services and how to access them.
• WSDL stands for Web Services Description Language
• WSDL is written in XML
• WSDL is an XML document
• WSDL is used to describe Web services
• WSDL is also used to locate Web services
• WSDL is not yet a W3C standard
Read more about WSDL on our Home page.
________________________________________
What is UDDI?
UDDI is a directory service where businesses can register and search for Web services.
• UDDI stands for Universal Description, Discovery and Integration
• UDDI is a directory for storing information about web services
• UDDI is a directory of web service interfaces described by WSDL
• UDDI communicates via SOAP
• UDDI is built into the Microsoft .NET platform
Read more about UDDI on our Home page.
Web Service Example
________________________________________
Any application can have a Web Service component.
Web Services can be created regardless of programming language.
________________________________________
An example ASP.NET Web Service
In this example we use ASP.NET to create a simple Web Service.
<%@ WebService Language="VB" Class="TempConvert" %>
Imports System
Imports System.Web.Services
Public Class TempConvert :Inherits WebService
(ByVal Fahrenheit As Int16) As Int16
Dim celsius As Int16
celsius = ((((Fahrenheit) - 32) / 9) * 5)
Return celsius
End Function
(ByVal Celsius As Int16) As Int16
Dim fahrenheit As Int16
fahrenheit = ((((Celsius) * 9) / 5) + 32)
Return fahrenheit
End Function
End Class
This document is a .asmx file. This is the ASP.NET file extension for XML Web Services.
________________________________________
To run this example you will need a .NET server.
The first line in this document that it is a Web Service, written in VB and the class name is "TempConvert":
<%@ WebService Language="VB" Class="TempConvert" %>
The next lines imports the namespace "System.Web.Services" from the .NET framework.
Imports System
Imports System.Web.Services
The next line defines that the "TempConvert" class is a WebSerivce class type:
Public Class TempConvert :Inherits WebService
The next step is basic VB programming. This application has two functions. One to convert from Fahrenheit to Celsius, and one to convert from Celsius to Fahrenheit.
The only difference from a normal application is that this function is defined as a "WebMethod".
Use "WebMethod" to mark the functions in your application that you would like to make into web services.
(ByVal Fahrenheit As Int16) As Int16
Dim celsius As Int16
celsius = ((((Fahrenheit) - 32) / 9) * 5)
Return celsius
End Function
(ByVal Celsius As Int16) As Int16
Dim fahrenheit As Int16
fahrenheit = ((((Celsius) * 9) / 5) + 32)
Return fahrenheit
End Function
The last thing to do is to end the function and the class:
End Function
End Class
If you save this as an .asmx file and publish it on a server with .NET support, you should have your first working Web Service. Like our example Web Service
________________________________________
ASP.NET automates the process
With ASP.NET you do not have to write your own WSDL and SOAP documents.
If you look closer on our example Web Service. You will see that the ASP.NET has automatically created a WSDL and SOAP request.
Web Service Use
________________________________________
Using our example ASP.NET Web Service
In the previous example we created an example Web Service.
The Fahrenheit to Celsius function can be tested here: FahrenheitToCelsius.
The Celsius to Fahrenheit function can be tested here: CelsiusToFahrenheit.
________________________________________
These functions will send you a XML reply.
These test use HTTP POST and will send a XML response like this:
________________________________________
Use a form to access a Web Service.
Using a form and HTTP POST, you can put our web service on your site, like this:
Fahrenheit to Celsius:
Celsius to Fahrenheit:
________________________________________
You can put our Web Service on your site.
Here is the code to put our Web Service on your site:
method="POST">
| Fahrenheit to Celsius: | size="30" name="Fahrenheit"> |
| value="Submit" class="button"> |
method="POST">
| Celsius to Fahrenheit: | size="30" name="Celsius"> |
| value="Submit" class="button"> |
Tuesday, July 21, 2009
UML Tutorial
Hi All,
TOday i was reading a Tutorial abt UMl found it good hence sharing it with you.
UML Tutorial:
Part 1 -- Class Diagrams.
Robert C. Martin
My next several columns will be a running tutorial of UML. The 1.0 version of UML was released on the 13th of January, 1997. The 1.1 release should be out before the end of the year. This column will track the progress of UML and present the issues that the three amigos (Grady Booch, Jim Rumbaugh, and Ivar Jacobson) are dealing with.
Introduction
UML stands for Unified Modeling Language. It represents a unification of the concepts and notations
presented by the three amigos in their respective books
1. The goal is for UML to become a
common language for creating models of object oriented computer software.
In its current form UML is comprised of two major components: a Meta-model and a notation. In the future, some form of method or process may also be added to; or associated with, UML. The Meta-model UML is unique in that it has a standard data representation. This representation is called the metamodel.
The meta-model is a description of UML in UML. It describes the objects, attributes, and relationships necessary to represent the concepts of UML within a software application. This provides CASE manufacturers with a standard and unambiguous way to represent UML models. Hopefully it will allow for easy transport of UML models between tools. It may also make it easier to write ancillary tools for browsing, summarizing, and modifying UML models. A deeper discussion of the metamodel is beyond the scope of this column. Interested readers can learn more about it by downloading the UML documents from the rational web site
2. The Notation The UML notation is rich and full bodied. It is comprised of two major subdivisions. There is a notation for modeling the static elements of a design such as classes, attributes, and relationships. There is also a notation for modeling the dynamic elements of a design such as objects, messages, and finite state machines. In this article we will present some of the aspects of the static modeling notation. Static models are presented in diagrams called: Class Diagrams.
Class Diagrams. The purpose of a class diagram is to depict the classes within a model. In an object oriented application, classes have attributes (member variables), operations (member functions) and relation-
1. Object Oriented Analysis and Design, Grady Booch, Benjamin Cummings, 1994.
Object Oriented Modeling and Design, James Rumbaugh, et. al., Prentice Hall, 1991
Object Oriented Software Engineering, Ivar Jacobson, et. al., Addison Wesley, 1992
2. http://www.rational.com
ships with other classes. The UML class diagram can depict all these things quite easily. The
fundamental element of the class diagram is an icon the represents a class. This icon is shown in
Figure 1.
A class icon is simply a rectangle divided into three compartments. The topmost compartment
contains the name of the class. The middle compartment contains a list of attributes (member variables),
and the bottom compartment contains a list of operations (member functions). In many
diagrams, the bottom two compartments are omitted. Even when they are present, they typically
do not show every attribute and operations. The goal is to show only those attributes and operations
that are useful for the particular diagram.
This ability to abbreviate an icon is one of the hallmarks of UML. Each diagram has a particular
purpose. That purpose may be to highlight on particular part of the system, or it may be to illuminate
the system in general. The class icons in such diagrams are abbreviated as necessary. There is
typically never a need to show every attribute and operation of a class on any diagram. Figure 2
shows a typical UML description of a class that represents a circle.
Notice that each member variable is followed by a colon and by the type of the variable. If the
type is redundant, or otherwise unnecessary, it can be omitted. Notice also that the return values
follow the member functions in a similar fashion. Again, these can be omitted. Finally, notice that
the member function arguments are just types. I could have named them too, and used colons to
separate them from their types; or I could have omitted the arguments altogether.
Composition Relationships
Each instance of type
Circle
seems to contain an instance of type
Point
. This is a relationship
known as
composition
. It can be depicted in UML using a class relationship. Figure 3 shows the
composition relationship.
Figure 1: The Class Icon
Figure 2: Circle class
Class
operation()
Attribute
Circle
Area():double
Circumference():double
SetCenter(Point)
SetRadius(double)
itsRadius:double
itsCenter:Point
The black diamond represents composition. It is placed on the
Circle
class because it is the
Circle
that is composed of a
Point
. The arrowhead on the other end of the relationship
denotes that the relationship is navigable in only one direction. That is,
Point
does not know
about
Circle
. In UML relationships are presumed to be bidirectional unless the arrowhead is
present to restrict them. Had I omitted the arrowhead, it would have meant that
Point
knew
about
Circle
. At the code level, this would imply a
#include “circle.h”
within
point.h
. For this reason, I tend to use a
lot
of arrowheads.
Composition relationships are a strong form of containment or aggregation. Aggregation is a
whole/part relationship. In this case,
Circle
is the whole, and
Point
is part of
Circle
. However,
composition is more than just aggregation. Composition also indicates that the lifetime of
Point
is dependent upon
Circle
. This means that if
Circle
is destroyed,
Point
will be
destroyed with it. For those of you who are familiar with the Booch-94 notation, this is the Hasby-
value relationship.
In C++ we would represent this as shown in Listing 1.
In this case we have represented the composition relationship as a member variable. We could also
have used a pointer so long as the destructor of
Circle
deleted the pointer.
Inheritance
The inheritance relationship in UML is depicted by a peculiar triangular arrowhead. This arrowhead,
that looks rather like a slice of pizza, points to the base class. One or more lines proceed
from the base of the arrowhead connecting it to the derived classes.
Figure 4 shows the form of the inheritance relationship. In this diagram we see that
Circle
and
Square
both derive from
Shape
. Note that the name of class
Shape
is shown in italics. This
indicates that
Shape
is an abstract class. Note also that the operations,
Draw()
and
Erase()
are also shown in italics. This indicates that they are pure virtual.
Figure 3: Circle contains Point
Listing 1: Circle class
class Circle
{
public:
void SetCenter(const Point&);
void SetRadius(double);
double Area() const;
double Circumference() const;
private:
double itsRadius;
Point itsCenter;
};
Circle Point
Italics are not always very easy to see. Therefore, as shown in Figure 4, an abstract class can also
be marked with the
{abstract}
property. What’s more, though it is not a standard part of
UML, I will often write
Draw()=0
in the operations compartment to denote a pure virtual function.
Aggregation / Association
The weak form of aggregation is denoted with an open diamond. This relationship denotes that
the aggregate class (the class with the white diamond touching it) is in some way the “whole”, and
the other class in the relationship is somehow “part” of that whole.
Figure 5 shows an aggregation relationship. In this case, the
Window
class contains many
Shape
instances. In UML the ends of a relationship are referred to as its “roles”. Notice that the role at
the
Shape
end of the aggregation is marked with a “
*
”. This indicates that the
Window
contains
many
Shape
instances. Notice also that the role has been named. This is the name that
Window
knows its
Shape
instances by. i.e. it is the name of the instance variable within
Window
that
holds all the
Shapes
.
Figure 4: Inheritance
Figure 5: Aggregation
Circle Square
Shape
Draw()
Erase()
{abstract}
Window
Shape
{abstrac
*
itsShapes
Listing 2 shows how Figure 5 might be implemented in C++
There are other forms of containment that do not have whole / part implications. For example,
Each
Window
refers back to its parent
Frame
. This is not aggregation since it is not reasonable to
consider a parent
Frame
to be part of a child
Window
. We use the association relationship to
depict this.
Figure 6 shows how we draw an association. An association is nothing but a line drawn between
the participating classes. In Figure 6 the association has an arrowhead to denote that
Frame
does
not know anything about
Window
. Once again note the name on the role. This relationship will
almost certainly be implemented with a pointer of some kind.
What is the difference between an aggregation and an association? The difference is one of implication.
Aggregation denotes whole/part relationships whereas associations do not. However, there
is not likely to be much difference in the way that the two relationships are implemented. That is,
it would be very difficult to look at the code and determine whether a particular relationship ought
to be aggregation or association. For this reason, it is pretty safe to ignore the aggregation relationship
altogether. As the amigos said in the UML 0.8 document: “...if you don’t understand
[aggregation] don’t use it.”
Aggregation and Association both correspond to the Has-by-reference relationship from the
Booch-94 notation.
Listing 2: Window contains Shapes
class Window
{
public:
//...
private:
vector itsShapes;
};
Figure 6: Associations
Frame
Window
itsParent
Dependency
Sometimes the relationship between a two classes is very weak. They are not implemented with
member variables at all. Rather they might be implemented as member function arguments. Consider,
for example, the Draw function of the Shape class. Suppose that this function takes an
argument of type DrawingContext.
Figure 7 shows a dashed arrow between the Shape class and the DrawingContext class. This
is the dependency relationship. In Booch94 this was called a ‘using’ relationship. This relationship
simply means that Shape somehow depends upon DrawingContext. In C++ this almost
always results in a #include.
Interfaces
There are classes that have nothing but pure virtual functions. In Java such entities are not classes
at all; they are a special language element called an interface. UML has followed the Java
example and has created some special syntactic elements for such entities.
The primary icon for an interface is just like a class except that it has a special denotation called a
stereotype. Figure 8 shows this icon. Note the «type» string at the top of the class. The two surrounding
characters “«»” are called guillemets (pronounced Gee-may). A word or phrase surrounded
by guillemets is called a “stereotype”. Stereotypes are one of the mechanisms that can be
used to extend UML. When a stereotype is used above the name of a class it indicates that this
class is a special kind of class that conforms to a rather rigid specification.
The «type» stereotype indicates that the class is an interface. This means that it has no member
variables, and that all of its member functions are pure virtual.
UML supplies a shortcut for «type» classes. Figure 9 shows how the “lollypop” notation can be
used to represent an interface. Notice that the dependency between Shape and DrawingContext
is shown as usual. The class WindowsDC is derived from, or conforms to, the Drawingcontext
interface. This is a shorthand notation for an inheritance relationship between
Figure 7: Dependency
Window
Shape
DrawingContext
*
itsShapes
itsContext
Draw(DrawingContext&)
WindowsDC and DrawingContext.
Conclusion
In this article we have explored a few of the notational elements that UML supplies for static software
design. In future columns we will expand upon this notation by showing how to use it for
solving some real software problems. We will also examine UML’s contingent of tools for modeling
dynamic design.
Figure 8: Type class
Figure 9: Interface Lollypop
DrawingContext
«type»
SetPoint(int,int,bool)
ClearScreen()
GetVerticalSize():int
GetHorizontalSize():in
t
Shape
DrawingContext
WindowsDC
TOday i was reading a Tutorial abt UMl found it good hence sharing it with you.
UML Tutorial:
Part 1 -- Class Diagrams.
Robert C. Martin
My next several columns will be a running tutorial of UML. The 1.0 version of UML was released on the 13th of January, 1997. The 1.1 release should be out before the end of the year. This column will track the progress of UML and present the issues that the three amigos (Grady Booch, Jim Rumbaugh, and Ivar Jacobson) are dealing with.
Introduction
UML stands for Unified Modeling Language. It represents a unification of the concepts and notations
presented by the three amigos in their respective books
1. The goal is for UML to become a
common language for creating models of object oriented computer software.
In its current form UML is comprised of two major components: a Meta-model and a notation. In the future, some form of method or process may also be added to; or associated with, UML. The Meta-model UML is unique in that it has a standard data representation. This representation is called the metamodel.
The meta-model is a description of UML in UML. It describes the objects, attributes, and relationships necessary to represent the concepts of UML within a software application. This provides CASE manufacturers with a standard and unambiguous way to represent UML models. Hopefully it will allow for easy transport of UML models between tools. It may also make it easier to write ancillary tools for browsing, summarizing, and modifying UML models. A deeper discussion of the metamodel is beyond the scope of this column. Interested readers can learn more about it by downloading the UML documents from the rational web site
2. The Notation The UML notation is rich and full bodied. It is comprised of two major subdivisions. There is a notation for modeling the static elements of a design such as classes, attributes, and relationships. There is also a notation for modeling the dynamic elements of a design such as objects, messages, and finite state machines. In this article we will present some of the aspects of the static modeling notation. Static models are presented in diagrams called: Class Diagrams.
Class Diagrams. The purpose of a class diagram is to depict the classes within a model. In an object oriented application, classes have attributes (member variables), operations (member functions) and relation-
1. Object Oriented Analysis and Design, Grady Booch, Benjamin Cummings, 1994.
Object Oriented Modeling and Design, James Rumbaugh, et. al., Prentice Hall, 1991
Object Oriented Software Engineering, Ivar Jacobson, et. al., Addison Wesley, 1992
2. http://www.rational.com
ships with other classes. The UML class diagram can depict all these things quite easily. The
fundamental element of the class diagram is an icon the represents a class. This icon is shown in
Figure 1.
A class icon is simply a rectangle divided into three compartments. The topmost compartment
contains the name of the class. The middle compartment contains a list of attributes (member variables),
and the bottom compartment contains a list of operations (member functions). In many
diagrams, the bottom two compartments are omitted. Even when they are present, they typically
do not show every attribute and operations. The goal is to show only those attributes and operations
that are useful for the particular diagram.
This ability to abbreviate an icon is one of the hallmarks of UML. Each diagram has a particular
purpose. That purpose may be to highlight on particular part of the system, or it may be to illuminate
the system in general. The class icons in such diagrams are abbreviated as necessary. There is
typically never a need to show every attribute and operation of a class on any diagram. Figure 2
shows a typical UML description of a class that represents a circle.
Notice that each member variable is followed by a colon and by the type of the variable. If the
type is redundant, or otherwise unnecessary, it can be omitted. Notice also that the return values
follow the member functions in a similar fashion. Again, these can be omitted. Finally, notice that
the member function arguments are just types. I could have named them too, and used colons to
separate them from their types; or I could have omitted the arguments altogether.
Composition Relationships
Each instance of type
Circle
seems to contain an instance of type
Point
. This is a relationship
known as
composition
. It can be depicted in UML using a class relationship. Figure 3 shows the
composition relationship.
Figure 1: The Class Icon
Figure 2: Circle class
Class
operation()
Attribute
Circle
Area():double
Circumference():double
SetCenter(Point)
SetRadius(double)
itsRadius:double
itsCenter:Point
The black diamond represents composition. It is placed on the
Circle
class because it is the
Circle
that is composed of a
Point
. The arrowhead on the other end of the relationship
denotes that the relationship is navigable in only one direction. That is,
Point
does not know
about
Circle
. In UML relationships are presumed to be bidirectional unless the arrowhead is
present to restrict them. Had I omitted the arrowhead, it would have meant that
Point
knew
about
Circle
. At the code level, this would imply a
#include “circle.h”
within
point.h
. For this reason, I tend to use a
lot
of arrowheads.
Composition relationships are a strong form of containment or aggregation. Aggregation is a
whole/part relationship. In this case,
Circle
is the whole, and
Point
is part of
Circle
. However,
composition is more than just aggregation. Composition also indicates that the lifetime of
Point
is dependent upon
Circle
. This means that if
Circle
is destroyed,
Point
will be
destroyed with it. For those of you who are familiar with the Booch-94 notation, this is the Hasby-
value relationship.
In C++ we would represent this as shown in Listing 1.
In this case we have represented the composition relationship as a member variable. We could also
have used a pointer so long as the destructor of
Circle
deleted the pointer.
Inheritance
The inheritance relationship in UML is depicted by a peculiar triangular arrowhead. This arrowhead,
that looks rather like a slice of pizza, points to the base class. One or more lines proceed
from the base of the arrowhead connecting it to the derived classes.
Figure 4 shows the form of the inheritance relationship. In this diagram we see that
Circle
and
Square
both derive from
Shape
. Note that the name of class
Shape
is shown in italics. This
indicates that
Shape
is an abstract class. Note also that the operations,
Draw()
and
Erase()
are also shown in italics. This indicates that they are pure virtual.
Figure 3: Circle contains Point
Listing 1: Circle class
class Circle
{
public:
void SetCenter(const Point&);
void SetRadius(double);
double Area() const;
double Circumference() const;
private:
double itsRadius;
Point itsCenter;
};
Circle Point
Italics are not always very easy to see. Therefore, as shown in Figure 4, an abstract class can also
be marked with the
{abstract}
property. What’s more, though it is not a standard part of
UML, I will often write
Draw()=0
in the operations compartment to denote a pure virtual function.
Aggregation / Association
The weak form of aggregation is denoted with an open diamond. This relationship denotes that
the aggregate class (the class with the white diamond touching it) is in some way the “whole”, and
the other class in the relationship is somehow “part” of that whole.
Figure 5 shows an aggregation relationship. In this case, the
Window
class contains many
Shape
instances. In UML the ends of a relationship are referred to as its “roles”. Notice that the role at
the
Shape
end of the aggregation is marked with a “
*
”. This indicates that the
Window
contains
many
Shape
instances. Notice also that the role has been named. This is the name that
Window
knows its
Shape
instances by. i.e. it is the name of the instance variable within
Window
that
holds all the
Shapes
.
Figure 4: Inheritance
Figure 5: Aggregation
Circle Square
Shape
Draw()
Erase()
{abstract}
Window
Shape
{abstrac
*
itsShapes
Listing 2 shows how Figure 5 might be implemented in C++
There are other forms of containment that do not have whole / part implications. For example,
Each
Window
refers back to its parent
Frame
. This is not aggregation since it is not reasonable to
consider a parent
Frame
to be part of a child
Window
. We use the association relationship to
depict this.
Figure 6 shows how we draw an association. An association is nothing but a line drawn between
the participating classes. In Figure 6 the association has an arrowhead to denote that
Frame
does
not know anything about
Window
. Once again note the name on the role. This relationship will
almost certainly be implemented with a pointer of some kind.
What is the difference between an aggregation and an association? The difference is one of implication.
Aggregation denotes whole/part relationships whereas associations do not. However, there
is not likely to be much difference in the way that the two relationships are implemented. That is,
it would be very difficult to look at the code and determine whether a particular relationship ought
to be aggregation or association. For this reason, it is pretty safe to ignore the aggregation relationship
altogether. As the amigos said in the UML 0.8 document: “...if you don’t understand
[aggregation] don’t use it.”
Aggregation and Association both correspond to the Has-by-reference relationship from the
Booch-94 notation.
Listing 2: Window contains Shapes
class Window
{
public:
//...
private:
vector
};
Figure 6: Associations
Frame
Window
itsParent
Dependency
Sometimes the relationship between a two classes is very weak. They are not implemented with
member variables at all. Rather they might be implemented as member function arguments. Consider,
for example, the Draw function of the Shape class. Suppose that this function takes an
argument of type DrawingContext.
Figure 7 shows a dashed arrow between the Shape class and the DrawingContext class. This
is the dependency relationship. In Booch94 this was called a ‘using’ relationship. This relationship
simply means that Shape somehow depends upon DrawingContext. In C++ this almost
always results in a #include.
Interfaces
There are classes that have nothing but pure virtual functions. In Java such entities are not classes
at all; they are a special language element called an interface. UML has followed the Java
example and has created some special syntactic elements for such entities.
The primary icon for an interface is just like a class except that it has a special denotation called a
stereotype. Figure 8 shows this icon. Note the «type» string at the top of the class. The two surrounding
characters “«»” are called guillemets (pronounced Gee-may). A word or phrase surrounded
by guillemets is called a “stereotype”. Stereotypes are one of the mechanisms that can be
used to extend UML. When a stereotype is used above the name of a class it indicates that this
class is a special kind of class that conforms to a rather rigid specification.
The «type» stereotype indicates that the class is an interface. This means that it has no member
variables, and that all of its member functions are pure virtual.
UML supplies a shortcut for «type» classes. Figure 9 shows how the “lollypop” notation can be
used to represent an interface. Notice that the dependency between Shape and DrawingContext
is shown as usual. The class WindowsDC is derived from, or conforms to, the Drawingcontext
interface. This is a shorthand notation for an inheritance relationship between
Figure 7: Dependency
Window
Shape
DrawingContext
*
itsShapes
itsContext
Draw(DrawingContext&)
WindowsDC and DrawingContext.
Conclusion
In this article we have explored a few of the notational elements that UML supplies for static software
design. In future columns we will expand upon this notation by showing how to use it for
solving some real software problems. We will also examine UML’s contingent of tools for modeling
dynamic design.
Figure 8: Type class
Figure 9: Interface Lollypop
DrawingContext
«type»
SetPoint(int,int,bool)
ClearScreen()
GetVerticalSize():int
GetHorizontalSize():in
t
Shape
DrawingContext
WindowsDC
Saturday, July 18, 2009
Hi All,
Few Days back i have found a link where we can have free E-Books.
Sharing those links with you if you also come accross few more link please share.
O'Reilly online http://www.oreilly.com/openbook/ | http://sysadmin.oreilly.com/
Computer books and manuals
http://www.hoganbooks.com/freebook/webbooks.html | http://www.informit.com/itlibrary/ | http://www.fore.com/support/manuals/home/home.htm | http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/webbuy/freebooks.html
The Network Book http://www.cs.columbia.edu/netbook/
Some #bookwarez.efnet.irc links
http://www.extrema.net/books/links.shtml
Some #bookwarez.efnet.irc fiction
http://194.58.154.90:4431/enscifi/
Pimpas online books (Indonesia)
http://202.159.16.55/~pimpa2000 | http://202.159.15.46/~om-pimpa/buku
Security, privacy and cryptography
http://theory.lcs.mit.edu/~rivest/crypto-security.html | http://www.oberlin.edu/~brchkind/cyphernomicon/
My own misc online reading material
http://www.eastcoastfx.com/docs/admin-guides/ | http://www.eastcoastfx.com/~jorn/reading/
Computer books http://solaris.inorg.chem.msu.ru/cs-books/
| http://sweetrude.net/~cab/books/ | http://alaska.mine.nu/books/ | http://poprocks.dyn.ns.ca/dave/books/ | http://58-160.skarland.uaf.edu/books/ | http://202.186.247.194/~ebook/
| http://hooligans.org/reference/
Linux documentation http://www.linuxdoc.org/docs.html
FreeBSD documentation http://www.freebsd.org/tutorials/
Sun documentation http://osiris.imw.tu-clausthal.de:8888/ | http://uran.vvsu.ru:8888/
SGI documentation
http://newton.unicc.chalmers.se/ebt-bin/nph-dweb/dynaweb;td=2 | http://techpubs.sgi.com/library/tpl/cgi-bin/init.cgi
IBM Online Redbooks http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/
Digital Unix documentation
http://www.unix.digital.com/faqs/publications/base_doc/DOCUMENTATION/V40D_HTML/V40D_HTML/LIBRARY.HTM
Filesystem Hierarchy Standard
http://www.pathname.com/fhs/2.0/fhs-toc.html | http://www.linuxbase.com/
UNIX stuff http://www.ucs.ed.ac.uk/~unixhelp/index.html | http://www.uwsg.indiana.edu/usail/ | http://www.isu.edu/departments/comcom/unix/workshop/unixindex.html | http://www.franken.de/users/lorien/unix.html | http://www.cs.buffalo.edu/~milun/unix.programming.html
Programmers reading http://www.programmersheaven.com/ | http://www.cs.monash.edu.au/~alanf/se_proj97/
Programming Pearls 2nd edition
http://www.cs.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/pearls/
C stuff
http://www.strath.ac.uk/CC/Courses/NewCcourse/ccourse.html | http://www.cm.cf.ac.uk/Dave/C/CE.html | http://www.cprogramming.com/tutorial.html | http://www.cs.virginia.edu/c++programdesign/slides/ | http://www.icce.rug.nl/docs/cplusplus/cplusplus.html
Perl stuff http://www.webdesigns1.com/perl/ir.html | http://www.ictp.trieste.it/texi/perl/perl_toc.html | http://www.itknowledge.com/tpj/ | http://www.plover.com/~mjd/perl/
Java stuff http://www.cs.brown.edu/courses/cs016/book/ | http://polaris.cis.ksu.edu/~schmidt/CIS200/ | http://www.daimi.au.dk/dProg1/java/langspec-1.0/index.html
Lisp stuff
http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs.cmu.edu/project/ai-repository/ai/html/cltl/mirrors.html
| http://www.cs.tulane.edu/www/Villamil/lisp/
Ada stuff http://www.adahome.com/Tutorials/
Database reading
http://www.bus.orst.edu/faculty/brownc/lectures/db_tutor/index.htm
SQL stuff http://w3.one.net/~jhoffman/sqltut.htm | http://www.doc.mmu.ac.uk/STAFF/E.Ferneley/SQL/index.htm | http://www.daimi.au.dk/~oracle/sql/index.html
Visual Basic stuff http://www.vb-world.net/books/
Handbook of Applied Cryptography
http://www.cacr.math.uwaterloo.ca/hac/
X Window System http://tronche.com/gui/x/ | http://www.cen.com/mw3/refs.html | http://www.gaijin.com/X/
GTK and Gnome stuff
http://developer.gnome.org/doc/GGAD/ggad.html
QT and KDE stuff http://www.troll.no/qt/ | http://developer.kde.org/documentation/tutorials/index.html | http://www.arrakis.es/~rlarrosa/tutorial.html
Corba stuff http://www.iona.com/hyplan/vinoski/
TCP/IP info http://www.tunix.kun.nl/ptr/tcpip.html
Misc programmers reading
http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~chilimbi/Pubs.html | http://www.ic.arizona.edu/~nromano/spring99/readings.htm
Some useful tech articles http://www.sysadminmag.com/ | http://www.dotcomma.org/
Considering Hacking Constructive
http://www.firstmonday.dk/issues/issue4_2/gisle/index.html
Eric's Random Writings http://www.tuxedo.org/~esr/writings/
IBM's History
http://www.ibm.com/ibm/history/story/text.html
Electronic Publishing
http://www.civeng.carleton.ca/~nholtz/ElectronicPublishing.html
Digital processing http://www.dspguide.com/pdfbook.htm
The Hardware Book http://sunsite.auc.dk/hwb/
Network iQ Router Reference Manual
http://www.teltrend.co.nz/documentation/networkiq/rel74/html/rmtoc.htm
Cisco Product Documentation
http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/
Novell developers appnotes
http://developer.novell.com/research/appnotes/
Icons for your desktop http://nether.tky.hut.fi/iconstore/
Hackers' Hall of Fame at Discovery Online
http://www.discovery.com/area/technology/hackers/hackers.html
Symbols and signs and ideograms and stuff http://www.symbols.com/
Dictionaries http://www.ohiolink.edu/db/oed.html | http://www.ohiolink.edu/db/ahd.html | http://www.ohiolink.edu/db/columbia.html | http://www.ohiolink.edu/db/thes.html | http://www.eb.com:180/
Misc reading material http://dali.orgland.ru/tcd/ | http://www.ud.se/english/press/pdf_publ.htm
Dantes Inferno
http://sophia.smith.edu/~lkleinbe/dante/home.html | http://www.divinecomedy.org/
Books and texts http://digital.library.upenn.edu/books/ | http://www.cs.cmu.edu/books.html | http://www.ipl.org/reading/books/ | http://www.nakedword.org/ | http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/alex/
Literature stuff http://lion.chadwyck.co.uk:8080/ | http://www.swan.ac.uk/uwp/lit.htm
Octavo books http://www.octavo.com/
Project Gutenberg - books and texts http://www.promo.net/pg/
Project Runeberg - Scandinavian in books and texts http://www.lysator.liu.se/runeberg/katalog.html
The Elements of Style http://www.bartleby.com/141/index.html
Bigtext - illustrated books and manuals for DOS http://www.ozemail.com.au/~kevsol/oldfav.html#bigtext
Breeze - a complete text system for Windows
http://www.ozemail.com.au/~kevsol/sware.html#brzwin
Language links http://www.june29.com/HLP/
Grimms' fairy tales
http://www.nationalgeographic.com/grimm/archive.html
Winnie the Pooh http://www.machaon.ru/pooh/
Seven Wonders of the World
http://ce.eng.usf.edu/pharos/wonders/
Medieval history http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook2.html
Misc history http://www.usaor.net/users/ipm/contents.html
| http://www.homeusers.prestel.co.uk/littleton/re0_cath.htm
Stonehenges Legends
http://www.missgien.net/stonehenge/legends.html
In Parentheses historical papers http://www.inpar.dhs.org/
Bulfinchs Mythology http://www.bulfinch.org/
The Dead Sea Scrolls
http://lcweb.loc.gov/exhibits/scrolls/toc.html
Qumran historical site http://www.kalia.org.il/Qumran/
Index of cults http://www.totentanz.de/kmedeke/cults.htm
Heretical speculation
http://www.calweb.com/~queribus/gnosticgnus.html
The esoteric Ordo Supremus Militaris Templi Hierosolymitani http://www.osmth.org/index.html
Runes and Norse stuff http://www.multiart.nu/grimner/ | http://www.eastcoastfx.com/~jorn/runes/
Extinction level events
http://members.xoom.com/korwisi/ele/english/index.html | http://impact.arc.nasa.gov/ | http://www.boulder.swri.edu/clark/ncar.html
Stephen Hawkings Universe
http://www.pbs.org/wnet/hawking/html/home.html
The constellations http://www.dibonsmith.com/constel.htm
Falling into a black hole
http://casasrv.colorado.edu/~ajsh/schw.shtml
Gravity is a push http://www.epicom.com/gravitypush/
Online audiobooks http://www.broadcast.com/books/scifi/
ElecBooks http://www.elecbook.com/eblist.htm
NewMedia Classics http://www.newmediaclassics.com/
Online Books Archive http://docs.online.bg/
Internet Public Library http://www.ipl.org/
Rocket-Library.com
http://www.rocket-library.com/categories.asp
PalmPilot E-Text Ring
http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=pilot_text&id=2&List
Virtual Free Books
http://www.virtualfreesites.com/free.books.am.html
All About Ebooks http://aalbc.com/ebooks/Allaboutebooks.htm
Few Days back i have found a link where we can have free E-Books.
Sharing those links with you if you also come accross few more link please share.
O'Reilly online http://www.oreilly.com/openbook/ | http://sysadmin.oreilly.com/
Computer books and manuals
http://www.hoganbooks.com/freebook/webbooks.html | http://www.informit.com/itlibrary/ | http://www.fore.com/support/manuals/home/home.htm | http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/webbuy/freebooks.html
The Network Book http://www.cs.columbia.edu/netbook/
Some #bookwarez.efnet.irc links
http://www.extrema.net/books/links.shtml
Some #bookwarez.efnet.irc fiction
http://194.58.154.90:4431/enscifi/
Pimpas online books (Indonesia)
http://202.159.16.55/~pimpa2000 | http://202.159.15.46/~om-pimpa/buku
Security, privacy and cryptography
http://theory.lcs.mit.edu/~rivest/crypto-security.html | http://www.oberlin.edu/~brchkind/cyphernomicon/
My own misc online reading material
http://www.eastcoastfx.com/docs/admin-guides/ | http://www.eastcoastfx.com/~jorn/reading/
Computer books http://solaris.inorg.chem.msu.ru/cs-books/
| http://sweetrude.net/~cab/books/ | http://alaska.mine.nu/books/ | http://poprocks.dyn.ns.ca/dave/books/ | http://58-160.skarland.uaf.edu/books/ | http://202.186.247.194/~ebook/
| http://hooligans.org/reference/
Linux documentation http://www.linuxdoc.org/docs.html
FreeBSD documentation http://www.freebsd.org/tutorials/
Sun documentation http://osiris.imw.tu-clausthal.de:8888/ | http://uran.vvsu.ru:8888/
SGI documentation
http://newton.unicc.chalmers.se/ebt-bin/nph-dweb/dynaweb;td=2 | http://techpubs.sgi.com/library/tpl/cgi-bin/init.cgi
IBM Online Redbooks http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/
Digital Unix documentation
http://www.unix.digital.com/faqs/publications/base_doc/DOCUMENTATION/V40D_HTML/V40D_HTML/LIBRARY.HTM
Filesystem Hierarchy Standard
http://www.pathname.com/fhs/2.0/fhs-toc.html | http://www.linuxbase.com/
UNIX stuff http://www.ucs.ed.ac.uk/~unixhelp/index.html | http://www.uwsg.indiana.edu/usail/ | http://www.isu.edu/departments/comcom/unix/workshop/unixindex.html | http://www.franken.de/users/lorien/unix.html | http://www.cs.buffalo.edu/~milun/unix.programming.html
Programmers reading http://www.programmersheaven.com/ | http://www.cs.monash.edu.au/~alanf/se_proj97/
Programming Pearls 2nd edition
http://www.cs.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/pearls/
C stuff
http://www.strath.ac.uk/CC/Courses/NewCcourse/ccourse.html | http://www.cm.cf.ac.uk/Dave/C/CE.html | http://www.cprogramming.com/tutorial.html | http://www.cs.virginia.edu/c++programdesign/slides/ | http://www.icce.rug.nl/docs/cplusplus/cplusplus.html
Perl stuff http://www.webdesigns1.com/perl/ir.html | http://www.ictp.trieste.it/texi/perl/perl_toc.html | http://www.itknowledge.com/tpj/ | http://www.plover.com/~mjd/perl/
Java stuff http://www.cs.brown.edu/courses/cs016/book/ | http://polaris.cis.ksu.edu/~schmidt/CIS200/ | http://www.daimi.au.dk/dProg1/java/langspec-1.0/index.html
Lisp stuff
http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs.cmu.edu/project/ai-repository/ai/html/cltl/mirrors.html
| http://www.cs.tulane.edu/www/Villamil/lisp/
Ada stuff http://www.adahome.com/Tutorials/
Database reading
http://www.bus.orst.edu/faculty/brownc/lectures/db_tutor/index.htm
SQL stuff http://w3.one.net/~jhoffman/sqltut.htm | http://www.doc.mmu.ac.uk/STAFF/E.Ferneley/SQL/index.htm | http://www.daimi.au.dk/~oracle/sql/index.html
Visual Basic stuff http://www.vb-world.net/books/
Handbook of Applied Cryptography
http://www.cacr.math.uwaterloo.ca/hac/
X Window System http://tronche.com/gui/x/ | http://www.cen.com/mw3/refs.html | http://www.gaijin.com/X/
GTK and Gnome stuff
http://developer.gnome.org/doc/GGAD/ggad.html
QT and KDE stuff http://www.troll.no/qt/ | http://developer.kde.org/documentation/tutorials/index.html | http://www.arrakis.es/~rlarrosa/tutorial.html
Corba stuff http://www.iona.com/hyplan/vinoski/
TCP/IP info http://www.tunix.kun.nl/ptr/tcpip.html
Misc programmers reading
http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~chilimbi/Pubs.html | http://www.ic.arizona.edu/~nromano/spring99/readings.htm
Some useful tech articles http://www.sysadminmag.com/ | http://www.dotcomma.org/
Considering Hacking Constructive
http://www.firstmonday.dk/issues/issue4_2/gisle/index.html
Eric's Random Writings http://www.tuxedo.org/~esr/writings/
IBM's History
http://www.ibm.com/ibm/history/story/text.html
Electronic Publishing
http://www.civeng.carleton.ca/~nholtz/ElectronicPublishing.html
Digital processing http://www.dspguide.com/pdfbook.htm
The Hardware Book http://sunsite.auc.dk/hwb/
Network iQ Router Reference Manual
http://www.teltrend.co.nz/documentation/networkiq/rel74/html/rmtoc.htm
Cisco Product Documentation
http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/
Novell developers appnotes
http://developer.novell.com/research/appnotes/
Icons for your desktop http://nether.tky.hut.fi/iconstore/
Hackers' Hall of Fame at Discovery Online
http://www.discovery.com/area/technology/hackers/hackers.html
Symbols and signs and ideograms and stuff http://www.symbols.com/
Dictionaries http://www.ohiolink.edu/db/oed.html | http://www.ohiolink.edu/db/ahd.html | http://www.ohiolink.edu/db/columbia.html | http://www.ohiolink.edu/db/thes.html | http://www.eb.com:180/
Misc reading material http://dali.orgland.ru/tcd/ | http://www.ud.se/english/press/pdf_publ.htm
Dantes Inferno
http://sophia.smith.edu/~lkleinbe/dante/home.html | http://www.divinecomedy.org/
Books and texts http://digital.library.upenn.edu/books/ | http://www.cs.cmu.edu/books.html | http://www.ipl.org/reading/books/ | http://www.nakedword.org/ | http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/alex/
Literature stuff http://lion.chadwyck.co.uk:8080/ | http://www.swan.ac.uk/uwp/lit.htm
Octavo books http://www.octavo.com/
Project Gutenberg - books and texts http://www.promo.net/pg/
Project Runeberg - Scandinavian in books and texts http://www.lysator.liu.se/runeberg/katalog.html
The Elements of Style http://www.bartleby.com/141/index.html
Bigtext - illustrated books and manuals for DOS http://www.ozemail.com.au/~kevsol/oldfav.html#bigtext
Breeze - a complete text system for Windows
http://www.ozemail.com.au/~kevsol/sware.html#brzwin
Language links http://www.june29.com/HLP/
Grimms' fairy tales
http://www.nationalgeographic.com/grimm/archive.html
Winnie the Pooh http://www.machaon.ru/pooh/
Seven Wonders of the World
http://ce.eng.usf.edu/pharos/wonders/
Medieval history http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook2.html
Misc history http://www.usaor.net/users/ipm/contents.html
| http://www.homeusers.prestel.co.uk/littleton/re0_cath.htm
Stonehenges Legends
http://www.missgien.net/stonehenge/legends.html
In Parentheses historical papers http://www.inpar.dhs.org/
Bulfinchs Mythology http://www.bulfinch.org/
The Dead Sea Scrolls
http://lcweb.loc.gov/exhibits/scrolls/toc.html
Qumran historical site http://www.kalia.org.il/Qumran/
Index of cults http://www.totentanz.de/kmedeke/cults.htm
Heretical speculation
http://www.calweb.com/~queribus/gnosticgnus.html
The esoteric Ordo Supremus Militaris Templi Hierosolymitani http://www.osmth.org/index.html
Runes and Norse stuff http://www.multiart.nu/grimner/ | http://www.eastcoastfx.com/~jorn/runes/
Extinction level events
http://members.xoom.com/korwisi/ele/english/index.html | http://impact.arc.nasa.gov/ | http://www.boulder.swri.edu/clark/ncar.html
Stephen Hawkings Universe
http://www.pbs.org/wnet/hawking/html/home.html
The constellations http://www.dibonsmith.com/constel.htm
Falling into a black hole
http://casasrv.colorado.edu/~ajsh/schw.shtml
Gravity is a push http://www.epicom.com/gravitypush/
Online audiobooks http://www.broadcast.com/books/scifi/
ElecBooks http://www.elecbook.com/eblist.htm
NewMedia Classics http://www.newmediaclassics.com/
Online Books Archive http://docs.online.bg/
Internet Public Library http://www.ipl.org/
Rocket-Library.com
http://www.rocket-library.com/categories.asp
PalmPilot E-Text Ring
http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=pilot_text&id=2&List
Virtual Free Books
http://www.virtualfreesites.com/free.books.am.html
All About Ebooks http://aalbc.com/ebooks/Allaboutebooks.htm
Friday, July 17, 2009
Struts
Struts is not only a very powerful framework, but also very extensible. You can extend Struts in three ways.
1. PlugIn: Create your own PlugIn class if you want to execute some business logic at application startup or shutdown.
2. RequestProcessor: Create your own RequestProcessor if you want to execute some business logic at a particular point during the request-processing phase. For example, you might extend RequestProcessor to check that the user is logged in and he has one of the roles to execute a particular action before executing every request.
3. ActionServlet: You can extend the ActionServlet class if you want to execute your business logic at either application startup or shutdown, or during request processing. But you should use it only in cases where neither PlugIn nor RequestProcessor is able to fulfill your requirement.
In this article, we will use a sample Struts application to demonstrate how to extend Struts using each of these three approaches. Downloadable sample code for each is available below in the Resources section at the end of this article. Two of the most successful examples of Struts extensions are the Struts Validation framework and the Tiles framework.
I assume that you are already familiar with the Struts framework and know how to create simple applications using it. Please see the Resources section if you want to know more about Struts.
PlugIn
According to the Struts documentation "A plugin is a configuration wrapper for a module-specific resource or service that needs to be notified about application startup and shutdown events." What this means is that you can create a class implementing the PlugIn interface to do something at application startup or shutdown.
Say I am creating a web application where I am using Hibernate as the persistence mechanism, and I want to initialize Hibernate as soon as the application starts up, so that by the time my web application receives the first request, Hibernate is already configured and ready to use. We also want to close down Hibernate when the application is shutting down. We can implement this requirement with a Hibernate PlugIn by following two simple steps.
1. Create a class implementing the PlugIn interface, like this:
2.
3. public class HibernatePlugIn implements PlugIn{
4. private String configFile;
5. // This method will be called at application shutdown time
6. public void destroy() {
7. System.out.println("Entering HibernatePlugIn.destroy()");
8. //Put hibernate cleanup code here
9. System.out.println("Exiting HibernatePlugIn.destroy()");
10. }
11. //This method will be called at application startup time
12. public void init(ActionServlet actionServlet, ModuleConfig config)
13. throws ServletException {
14. System.out.println("Entering HibernatePlugIn.init()");
15. System.out.println("Value of init parameter " +
16. getConfigFile());
17. System.out.println("Exiting HibernatePlugIn.init()");
18. }
19. public String getConfigFile() {
20. return name;
21. }
22. public void setConfigFile(String string) {
23. configFile = string;
24. }
25. }
The class implementing PlugIn interface must implement two methods: init() and destroy(). init() is called when the application starts up, and destroy() is called at shutdown. Struts allows you to pass init parameters to your PlugIn class. For passing parameters, you have to create JavaBean-type setter methods in your PlugIn class for every parameter. In our HibernatePlugIn class, I wanted to pass the name of the configFile instead of hard-coding it in the application.
26. Inform Struts about the new PlugIn by adding these lines to struts-config.xml:
27.
28.
29. ...
30.
31.
33.
34.
35.
36.
38.
39.
The className attribute is the fully qualified name of the class implementing the PlugIn interface. Add a element for every initialization parameter which you want to pass to your PlugIn class. In our example, I wanted to pass the name of the config file, so I added the element with the value of config file path.
Both the Tiles and Validator frameworks use PlugIns for initialization by reading configuration files. Two more things which you can do in your PlugIn class are:
• If your application depends on some configuration files, then you can check their availability in the PlugIn class and throw a ServletException if the configuration file is not available. This will result in ActionServlet becoming unavailable.
• The PlugIn interface's init() method is your last chance if you want to change something in ModuleConfig, which is a collection of static configuration information that describes a Struts-based module. Struts will freeze ModuleConfig once all PlugIns are processed.
How a Request is Processed
ActionServlet is the only servlet in Struts framework, and is responsible for handling all of the requests. Whenever it receives a request, it first tries to find a sub-application for the current request. Once a sub-application is found, it creates a RequestProcessor object for that sub-application and calls its process() method by passing it HttpServletRequest and HttpServletResponse objects.
The RequestProcessor.process() is where most of the request processing takes place. The process() method is implemented using the Template Method design pattern, in which there is a separate method for performing each step of request processing, and all of those methods are called in sequence from the process() method. For example, there are separate methods for finding the ActionForm class associated with the current request, and checking if the current user has one of the required roles to execute action mapping. This gives us tremendous flexibility. The RequestProcessor class in the Struts distribution provides a default implementation for each of the request-processing steps. That means you can override only the methods that interest you, and use default implementations for rest of the methods. For example, by default Struts calls request.isUserInRole() to find out if the user has one of the roles required to execute the current ActionMapping, but if you want to query a database for this, then then all you have to do is override the processRoles() method and return true or false, based whether the user has the required role or not.
First we will see how the process() method is implemented by default, and then I will explain what each method in the default RequestProcessor class does, so that you can decide what parts of request processing you want to change.
public void process(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response)
throws IOException, ServletException {
// Wrap multipart requests with a special wrapper
request = processMultipart(request);
// Identify the path component we will
// use to select a mapping
String path = processPath(request, response);
if (path == null) {
return;
}
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug("Processing a '" + request.getMethod() +
"' for path '" + path + "'");
}
// Select a Locale for the current user if requested
processLocale(request, response);
// Set the content type and no-caching headers
// if requested
processContent(request, response);
processNoCache(request, response);
// General purpose preprocessing hook
if (!processPreprocess(request, response)) {
return;
}
// Identify the mapping for this request
ActionMapping mapping =
processMapping(request, response, path);
if (mapping == null) {
return;
}
// Check for any role required to perform this action
if (!processRoles(request, response, mapping)) {
return;
}
// Process any ActionForm bean related to this request
ActionForm form =
processActionForm(request, response, mapping);
processPopulate(request, response, form, mapping);
if (!processValidate(request, response, form, mapping)) {
return;
}
// Process a forward or include specified by this mapping
if (!processForward(request, response, mapping)) {
return;
}
if (!processInclude(request, response, mapping)) {
return;
}
// Create or acquire the Action instance to
// process this request
Action action =
processActionCreate(request, response, mapping);
if (action == null) {
return;
}
// Call the Action instance itself
ActionForward forward =
processActionPerform(request, response,
action, form, mapping);
// Process the returned ActionForward instance
processForwardConfig(request, response, forward);
}
1. processMultipart(): In this method, Struts will read the request to find out if its contentType is multipart/form-data. If so, it will parse it and wrap it in a wrapper implementing HttpServletRequest. When you are creating an HTML FORM for posting data, the contentType of the request is application/x-www-form-urlencoded by default. But if your form is using FILE-type input to allow the user to upload files, then you have to change the contentType of the form to multipart/form-data. But by doing that, you can no longer read form values submitted by user via the getParameter() method of HttpServletRequest; you have to read the request as an InputStream and parse it to get the values.
2. processPath(): In this method, Struts will read request URI to determine the path element that should be used for getting the ActionMapping element.
3. processLocale(): In this method, Struts will get the Locale for the current request and, if configured, it will save it in HttpSession as the value of the org.apache.struts.action.LOCALE attribute. HttpSession would be created as a side effect of this method. If you don't want that to happen, then you can set the locale property to false in ControllerConfig by adding these lines to your struts-config.xml file:
4.
5.
6.
7. processContent(): Sets the contentType for the response by calling response.setContentType(). This method first tries to get the contentType as configured in struts-config.xml. It will use text/html by default. To override that, use the following:
8.
9.
10.
11. processNoCache(): Struts will set the following three headers for every response, if configured for no-cache:
12.
13. requested in struts config.xml
14. response.setHeader("Pragma", "No-cache");
15. response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
16. response.setDateHeader("Expires", 1);
If you want to set the no-cache header, add these lines to struts-config.xml:
17. processPreprocess(): This is a general purpose, pre-processing hook that can be overridden by subclasses. Its implementation in RequestProcessor does nothing and always returns true. Returning false from this method will abort request processing.
18. processMapping(): This will use path information to get an ActionMapping object. The ActionMapping object represents the element in your struts-config.xml file.
19.
20.
22.
23.
24.
The ActionMapping element contains information like the name of the Action class and ActionForm used in processing this request. It also has information about ActionForwards configured for the current ActionMapping.
25. processRoles(): Struts web application security just provides an authorization scheme. What that means is once user is logged into the container, Struts' processRoles() method can check if he has one of the required roles for executing a given ActionMapping by calling request.isUserInRole().
26.
27.
Say you have AddUserAction and you want only the administrator to be able to add a new user. What you can do is to add a role attribute with the value administrator in your AddUserAction action element. So before executing AddUserAction, it will always make sure that the user has the administrator role.
28. processActionForm(): Every ActionMapping has a ActionForm class associated with it. When Struts is processing an ActionMapping, it will find the name of the associated ActionForm class from the value of the name attribute in the element.
29.
31.
33.
35.
In our example, it will first check to see if an object of the org.apache.struts.action.DynaActionForm class is present in request scope. If so, it will use it; otherwise, it will create a new object and set it in the request scope.
36. processPopulate(): In this method, Struts will populate the ActionForm class instance variables with values of matching request parameters.
37. processValidate(): Struts will call the validate() method of your ActionForm class. If you return ActionErrors from the validate() method, it will redirect the user to the page indicated by the input attribute of theelement.
38. processForward() and processInclude(): In these functions, Struts will check the value of the forward or include attributes of the element and, if found, put the forward or include request in the configured page.
39.
40.
41.
You can guess difference in these functions from their names. processForward() ends up calling RequestDispatcher.forward(), and processInclude() calls RequestDispatcher.include(). If you configure both forward and include attributes, it will always call forward, as it is processed first.
42. processActionCreate(): This function gets the name of the Action class from the type attribute of the element and create and return instances of it. In our case it will create an instance of the com.sample.NewContactAction class.
43. processActionPerform(): This function calls the execute() method of your Action class, which is where you should write your business logic.
44. processForwardConfig(): The execute()method of your Action class will return an object of type ActionForward, indicating which page should be displayed to the user. So Struts will create RequestDispatcher for that page and call the RequestDispatcher.forward() method.
The above list explains what the default implementation of RequestProcessor does at every stage of request processing and the sequence in which various steps are executed. As you can see, RequestProcessor is very flexible and it allows you to configure it by setting properties in the element. For example, if your application is going to generate XML content instead of HTML, then you can inform Struts about this by setting a property of the controller element.
Creating Your own RequestProcessor
Above, we saw how the default implementation of RequestProcessor works. Now we will present a example of how to customize it by creating our own custom RequestProcessor. To demonstrate creating a custom RequestProcessor, we will change our sample application to implement these two business requirements:
• We want to create a ContactImageAction class that will generate images instead of a regular HTML page.
• Before processing every request, we want to check that user is logged in by checking for userName attribute of the session. If that attribute is not found, we will redirect the user to the login page.
We will change our sample application in two steps to implement these business requirements.
1. Create your own CustomRequestProcessor class, which will extend the RequestProcessor class, like this:
2. public class CustomRequestProcessor
3. extends RequestProcessor {
4. protected boolean processPreprocess (
5. HttpServletRequest request,
6. HttpServletResponse response) {
7. HttpSession session = request.getSession(false);
8. //If user is trying to access login page
9. // then don't check
10. if( request.getServletPath().equals("/loginInput.do")
11. || request.getServletPath().equals("/login.do") )
12. return true;
13. //Check if userName attribute is there is session.
14. //If so, it means user has allready logged in
15. if( session != null &&
16. session.getAttribute("userName") != null)
17. return true;
18. else{
19. try{
20. //If no redirect user to login Page
21. request.getRequestDispatcher
22. ("/Login.jsp").forward(request,response);
23. }catch(Exception ex){
24. }
25. }
26. return false;
27. }
28.
29. protected void processContent(HttpServletRequest request,
30. HttpServletResponse response) {
31. //Check if user is requesting ContactImageAction
32. // if yes then set image/gif as content type
33. if( request.getServletPath().equals("/contactimage.do")){
34. response.setContentType("image/gif");
35. return;
36. }
37. super.processContent(request, response);
38. }
39. }
In the processPreprocess method of our CustomRequestProcessor class, we are checking for the userName attribute of the session and if it's not found, redirect the user to the login page.
For our requirement of generating images as output from the ContactImageAction class, we have to override the processContent method and first check if the request is for the /contactimage path. If so, we set the contentType to image/gif; otherwise, it's text/html.
40. Add these lines to your struts-config.xml file after the element to inform Struts that CustomRequestProcessor should be used as the RequestProcessor class:
41.
42.
44.
Please note that overriding processContent() is OK if you have very few Action classes where you want to generate output whose contentType is something other than text/html. If that is not the case, you should create a Struts sub-application for handling requests for image-generating Actions and set image/gif as the contentType for it.
The Tiles framework uses its own RequestProcessor for decorating output generated by Struts.
ActionServlet
If you look into the web.xml file of your Struts web application, it looks like this:
action=
org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet
action
*.do
That means ActionServlet is responsible for handling all of your requests to Struts. You can create a sub-class of the ActionServlet class if you want to do something at application startup or shutdown or on every request, but you should try creating a PlugIn or RequestProcessor before extending the ActionServlet class. Before Servlet 1.1, the Tiles framework was based on extending the ActionServlet class to decorate a generated response. But from 1.1 on, it's used the TilesRequestProcessor class.
Conclusion
Deciding to develop your own MVC framework is a very big decision--you should think about the time and resources it will take to develop and maintain that code. Struts is a very powerful and stable framework and you can change it to accommodate most of your business requirements.
On the other hand, the decision to extend Struts should not be taken lightly. If you put some low-performance code in your RequestProcessor class, it will execute on every request and can reduce the performance of your whole application. And there will be situations where it will better for you to create your own MVC framework than extend Struts.
1. PlugIn: Create your own PlugIn class if you want to execute some business logic at application startup or shutdown.
2. RequestProcessor: Create your own RequestProcessor if you want to execute some business logic at a particular point during the request-processing phase. For example, you might extend RequestProcessor to check that the user is logged in and he has one of the roles to execute a particular action before executing every request.
3. ActionServlet: You can extend the ActionServlet class if you want to execute your business logic at either application startup or shutdown, or during request processing. But you should use it only in cases where neither PlugIn nor RequestProcessor is able to fulfill your requirement.
In this article, we will use a sample Struts application to demonstrate how to extend Struts using each of these three approaches. Downloadable sample code for each is available below in the Resources section at the end of this article. Two of the most successful examples of Struts extensions are the Struts Validation framework and the Tiles framework.
I assume that you are already familiar with the Struts framework and know how to create simple applications using it. Please see the Resources section if you want to know more about Struts.
PlugIn
According to the Struts documentation "A plugin is a configuration wrapper for a module-specific resource or service that needs to be notified about application startup and shutdown events." What this means is that you can create a class implementing the PlugIn interface to do something at application startup or shutdown.
Say I am creating a web application where I am using Hibernate as the persistence mechanism, and I want to initialize Hibernate as soon as the application starts up, so that by the time my web application receives the first request, Hibernate is already configured and ready to use. We also want to close down Hibernate when the application is shutting down. We can implement this requirement with a Hibernate PlugIn by following two simple steps.
1. Create a class implementing the PlugIn interface, like this:
2.
3. public class HibernatePlugIn implements PlugIn{
4. private String configFile;
5. // This method will be called at application shutdown time
6. public void destroy() {
7. System.out.println("Entering HibernatePlugIn.destroy()");
8. //Put hibernate cleanup code here
9. System.out.println("Exiting HibernatePlugIn.destroy()");
10. }
11. //This method will be called at application startup time
12. public void init(ActionServlet actionServlet, ModuleConfig config)
13. throws ServletException {
14. System.out.println("Entering HibernatePlugIn.init()");
15. System.out.println("Value of init parameter " +
16. getConfigFile());
17. System.out.println("Exiting HibernatePlugIn.init()");
18. }
19. public String getConfigFile() {
20. return name;
21. }
22. public void setConfigFile(String string) {
23. configFile = string;
24. }
25. }
The class implementing PlugIn interface must implement two methods: init() and destroy(). init() is called when the application starts up, and destroy() is called at shutdown. Struts allows you to pass init parameters to your PlugIn class. For passing parameters, you have to create JavaBean-type setter methods in your PlugIn class for every parameter. In our HibernatePlugIn class, I wanted to pass the name of the configFile instead of hard-coding it in the application.
26. Inform Struts about the new PlugIn by adding these lines to struts-config.xml:
27.
28.
29. ...
30.
31.
33.
34.
35.
36.
38.
39.
The className attribute is the fully qualified name of the class implementing the PlugIn interface. Add a
Both the Tiles and Validator frameworks use PlugIns for initialization by reading configuration files. Two more things which you can do in your PlugIn class are:
• If your application depends on some configuration files, then you can check their availability in the PlugIn class and throw a ServletException if the configuration file is not available. This will result in ActionServlet becoming unavailable.
• The PlugIn interface's init() method is your last chance if you want to change something in ModuleConfig, which is a collection of static configuration information that describes a Struts-based module. Struts will freeze ModuleConfig once all PlugIns are processed.
How a Request is Processed
ActionServlet is the only servlet in Struts framework, and is responsible for handling all of the requests. Whenever it receives a request, it first tries to find a sub-application for the current request. Once a sub-application is found, it creates a RequestProcessor object for that sub-application and calls its process() method by passing it HttpServletRequest and HttpServletResponse objects.
The RequestProcessor.process() is where most of the request processing takes place. The process() method is implemented using the Template Method design pattern, in which there is a separate method for performing each step of request processing, and all of those methods are called in sequence from the process() method. For example, there are separate methods for finding the ActionForm class associated with the current request, and checking if the current user has one of the required roles to execute action mapping. This gives us tremendous flexibility. The RequestProcessor class in the Struts distribution provides a default implementation for each of the request-processing steps. That means you can override only the methods that interest you, and use default implementations for rest of the methods. For example, by default Struts calls request.isUserInRole() to find out if the user has one of the roles required to execute the current ActionMapping, but if you want to query a database for this, then then all you have to do is override the processRoles() method and return true or false, based whether the user has the required role or not.
First we will see how the process() method is implemented by default, and then I will explain what each method in the default RequestProcessor class does, so that you can decide what parts of request processing you want to change.
public void process(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response)
throws IOException, ServletException {
// Wrap multipart requests with a special wrapper
request = processMultipart(request);
// Identify the path component we will
// use to select a mapping
String path = processPath(request, response);
if (path == null) {
return;
}
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug("Processing a '" + request.getMethod() +
"' for path '" + path + "'");
}
// Select a Locale for the current user if requested
processLocale(request, response);
// Set the content type and no-caching headers
// if requested
processContent(request, response);
processNoCache(request, response);
// General purpose preprocessing hook
if (!processPreprocess(request, response)) {
return;
}
// Identify the mapping for this request
ActionMapping mapping =
processMapping(request, response, path);
if (mapping == null) {
return;
}
// Check for any role required to perform this action
if (!processRoles(request, response, mapping)) {
return;
}
// Process any ActionForm bean related to this request
ActionForm form =
processActionForm(request, response, mapping);
processPopulate(request, response, form, mapping);
if (!processValidate(request, response, form, mapping)) {
return;
}
// Process a forward or include specified by this mapping
if (!processForward(request, response, mapping)) {
return;
}
if (!processInclude(request, response, mapping)) {
return;
}
// Create or acquire the Action instance to
// process this request
Action action =
processActionCreate(request, response, mapping);
if (action == null) {
return;
}
// Call the Action instance itself
ActionForward forward =
processActionPerform(request, response,
action, form, mapping);
// Process the returned ActionForward instance
processForwardConfig(request, response, forward);
}
1. processMultipart(): In this method, Struts will read the request to find out if its contentType is multipart/form-data. If so, it will parse it and wrap it in a wrapper implementing HttpServletRequest. When you are creating an HTML FORM for posting data, the contentType of the request is application/x-www-form-urlencoded by default. But if your form is using FILE-type input to allow the user to upload files, then you have to change the contentType of the form to multipart/form-data. But by doing that, you can no longer read form values submitted by user via the getParameter() method of HttpServletRequest; you have to read the request as an InputStream and parse it to get the values.
2. processPath(): In this method, Struts will read request URI to determine the path element that should be used for getting the ActionMapping element.
3. processLocale(): In this method, Struts will get the Locale for the current request and, if configured, it will save it in HttpSession as the value of the org.apache.struts.action.LOCALE attribute. HttpSession would be created as a side effect of this method. If you don't want that to happen, then you can set the locale property to false in ControllerConfig by adding these lines to your struts-config.xml file:
4.
5.
6.
7. processContent(): Sets the contentType for the response by calling response.setContentType(). This method first tries to get the contentType as configured in struts-config.xml. It will use text/html by default. To override that, use the following:
8.
9.
10.
11. processNoCache(): Struts will set the following three headers for every response, if configured for no-cache:
12.
13. requested in struts config.xml
14. response.setHeader("Pragma", "No-cache");
15. response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
16. response.setDateHeader("Expires", 1);
If you want to set the no-cache header, add these lines to struts-config.xml:
17. processPreprocess(): This is a general purpose, pre-processing hook that can be overridden by subclasses. Its implementation in RequestProcessor does nothing and always returns true. Returning false from this method will abort request processing.
18. processMapping(): This will use path information to get an ActionMapping object. The ActionMapping object represents the
19.
20.
22.
23.
24.
The ActionMapping element contains information like the name of the Action class and ActionForm used in processing this request. It also has information about ActionForwards configured for the current ActionMapping.
25. processRoles(): Struts web application security just provides an authorization scheme. What that means is once user is logged into the container, Struts' processRoles() method can check if he has one of the required roles for executing a given ActionMapping by calling request.isUserInRole().
26.
27.
Say you have AddUserAction and you want only the administrator to be able to add a new user. What you can do is to add a role attribute with the value administrator in your AddUserAction action element. So before executing AddUserAction, it will always make sure that the user has the administrator role.
28. processActionForm(): Every ActionMapping has a ActionForm class associated with it. When Struts is processing an ActionMapping, it will find the name of the associated ActionForm class from the value of the name attribute in the
29.
31.
33.
35.
In our example, it will first check to see if an object of the org.apache.struts.action.DynaActionForm class is present in request scope. If so, it will use it; otherwise, it will create a new object and set it in the request scope.
36. processPopulate(): In this method, Struts will populate the ActionForm class instance variables with values of matching request parameters.
37. processValidate(): Struts will call the validate() method of your ActionForm class. If you return ActionErrors from the validate() method, it will redirect the user to the page indicated by the input attribute of the
38. processForward() and processInclude(): In these functions, Struts will check the value of the forward or include attributes of the
39.
40.
41.
You can guess difference in these functions from their names. processForward() ends up calling RequestDispatcher.forward(), and processInclude() calls RequestDispatcher.include(). If you configure both forward and include attributes, it will always call forward, as it is processed first.
42. processActionCreate(): This function gets the name of the Action class from the type attribute of the
43. processActionPerform(): This function calls the execute() method of your Action class, which is where you should write your business logic.
44. processForwardConfig(): The execute()method of your Action class will return an object of type ActionForward, indicating which page should be displayed to the user. So Struts will create RequestDispatcher for that page and call the RequestDispatcher.forward() method.
The above list explains what the default implementation of RequestProcessor does at every stage of request processing and the sequence in which various steps are executed. As you can see, RequestProcessor is very flexible and it allows you to configure it by setting properties in the
Creating Your own RequestProcessor
Above, we saw how the default implementation of RequestProcessor works. Now we will present a example of how to customize it by creating our own custom RequestProcessor. To demonstrate creating a custom RequestProcessor, we will change our sample application to implement these two business requirements:
• We want to create a ContactImageAction class that will generate images instead of a regular HTML page.
• Before processing every request, we want to check that user is logged in by checking for userName attribute of the session. If that attribute is not found, we will redirect the user to the login page.
We will change our sample application in two steps to implement these business requirements.
1. Create your own CustomRequestProcessor class, which will extend the RequestProcessor class, like this:
2. public class CustomRequestProcessor
3. extends RequestProcessor {
4. protected boolean processPreprocess (
5. HttpServletRequest request,
6. HttpServletResponse response) {
7. HttpSession session = request.getSession(false);
8. //If user is trying to access login page
9. // then don't check
10. if( request.getServletPath().equals("/loginInput.do")
11. || request.getServletPath().equals("/login.do") )
12. return true;
13. //Check if userName attribute is there is session.
14. //If so, it means user has allready logged in
15. if( session != null &&
16. session.getAttribute("userName") != null)
17. return true;
18. else{
19. try{
20. //If no redirect user to login Page
21. request.getRequestDispatcher
22. ("/Login.jsp").forward(request,response);
23. }catch(Exception ex){
24. }
25. }
26. return false;
27. }
28.
29. protected void processContent(HttpServletRequest request,
30. HttpServletResponse response) {
31. //Check if user is requesting ContactImageAction
32. // if yes then set image/gif as content type
33. if( request.getServletPath().equals("/contactimage.do")){
34. response.setContentType("image/gif");
35. return;
36. }
37. super.processContent(request, response);
38. }
39. }
In the processPreprocess method of our CustomRequestProcessor class, we are checking for the userName attribute of the session and if it's not found, redirect the user to the login page.
For our requirement of generating images as output from the ContactImageAction class, we have to override the processContent method and first check if the request is for the /contactimage path. If so, we set the contentType to image/gif; otherwise, it's text/html.
40. Add these lines to your struts-config.xml file after the
41.
42.
44.
Please note that overriding processContent() is OK if you have very few Action classes where you want to generate output whose contentType is something other than text/html. If that is not the case, you should create a Struts sub-application for handling requests for image-generating Actions and set image/gif as the contentType for it.
The Tiles framework uses its own RequestProcessor for decorating output generated by Struts.
ActionServlet
If you look into the web.xml file of your Struts web application, it looks like this:
That means ActionServlet is responsible for handling all of your requests to Struts. You can create a sub-class of the ActionServlet class if you want to do something at application startup or shutdown or on every request, but you should try creating a PlugIn or RequestProcessor before extending the ActionServlet class. Before Servlet 1.1, the Tiles framework was based on extending the ActionServlet class to decorate a generated response. But from 1.1 on, it's used the TilesRequestProcessor class.
Conclusion
Deciding to develop your own MVC framework is a very big decision--you should think about the time and resources it will take to develop and maintain that code. Struts is a very powerful and stable framework and you can change it to accommodate most of your business requirements.
On the other hand, the decision to extend Struts should not be taken lightly. If you put some low-performance code in your RequestProcessor class, it will execute on every request and can reduce the performance of your whole application. And there will be situations where it will better for you to create your own MVC framework than extend Struts.
Good References.... :)
Contents References
1.XML
1.www.w3schools.com
2. http://www.w3schools.com/schema/schema_intro.asp
2.XML Schema
1.www.w3schools.com
2.E-book :xml schema
Eric Van Der Vlist
Publisher:o’reilly
3.Web Services
www.w3schools.com
4.JAXB
www.w3schools.com
2. http://java.sun.com/webservices/docs/1.6/tutorial/doc/
1.XML
1.www.w3schools.com
2. http://www.w3schools.com/schema/schema_intro.asp
2.XML Schema
1.www.w3schools.com
2.E-book :xml schema
Eric Van Der Vlist
Publisher:o’reilly
3.Web Services
www.w3schools.com
4.JAXB
www.w3schools.com
2. http://java.sun.com/webservices/docs/1.6/tutorial/doc/
Friday, April 24, 2009
Famous Quotations by famous People.....15
"Moral indignation is jealousy with a halo." - H. G. Wells (1866-1946)
"Glory is fleeting, but obscurity is forever." - Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821)
"Victory goes to the player who makes the next-to-last mistake." - Chessmaster Savielly Grigorievitch Tartakower (1887-1956)
"Don't be so humble - you are not that great." - Golda Meir (1898-1978) to a visiting diplomat
"His ignorance is encyclopedic" - Abba Eban (1915-2002)
"If a man does his best, what else is there?" - General George S. Patton (1885-1945)
"Political correctness is tyranny with manners." - Charlton Heston (1924-)
"You can avoid reality, but you cannot avoid the consequences of avoiding reality." - Ayn Rand (1905-1982)
"When one person suffers from a delusion it is called insanity; when many people suffer from a delusion it is called religion." - Robert Pirsig (1948-)
"I can write better than anybody who can write faster, and I can write faster than anybody who can write better." - A. J. Liebling (1904-1963)
"People demand freedom of speech to make up for the freedom of thought which they avoid." - Soren Aabye Kierkegaard (1813-1855)
"Give me chastity and continence, but not yet." - Saint Augustine (354-430)
"Not everything that can be counted counts, and not everything that counts can be counted." - Albert Einstein (1879-1955)
"Only two things are infinite, the universe and human stupidity, and I'm not sure about the former." - Albert Einstein (1879-1955)
"A lie gets halfway around the world before the truth has a chance to get its pants on." - Sir Winston Churchill (1874-1965)
"You may not be interested in war, but war is interested in you." - Leon Trotsky (1879-1940)
"I do not feel obliged to believe that the same God who has endowed us with sense, reason, and intellect has intended us to forgo their use." - Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)
"Glory is fleeting, but obscurity is forever." - Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821)
"Victory goes to the player who makes the next-to-last mistake." - Chessmaster Savielly Grigorievitch Tartakower (1887-1956)
"Don't be so humble - you are not that great." - Golda Meir (1898-1978) to a visiting diplomat
"His ignorance is encyclopedic" - Abba Eban (1915-2002)
"If a man does his best, what else is there?" - General George S. Patton (1885-1945)
"Political correctness is tyranny with manners." - Charlton Heston (1924-)
"You can avoid reality, but you cannot avoid the consequences of avoiding reality." - Ayn Rand (1905-1982)
"When one person suffers from a delusion it is called insanity; when many people suffer from a delusion it is called religion." - Robert Pirsig (1948-)
"I can write better than anybody who can write faster, and I can write faster than anybody who can write better." - A. J. Liebling (1904-1963)
"People demand freedom of speech to make up for the freedom of thought which they avoid." - Soren Aabye Kierkegaard (1813-1855)
"Give me chastity and continence, but not yet." - Saint Augustine (354-430)
"Not everything that can be counted counts, and not everything that counts can be counted." - Albert Einstein (1879-1955)
"Only two things are infinite, the universe and human stupidity, and I'm not sure about the former." - Albert Einstein (1879-1955)
"A lie gets halfway around the world before the truth has a chance to get its pants on." - Sir Winston Churchill (1874-1965)
"You may not be interested in war, but war is interested in you." - Leon Trotsky (1879-1940)
"I do not feel obliged to believe that the same God who has endowed us with sense, reason, and intellect has intended us to forgo their use." - Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)
Thursday, April 23, 2009
Famous Quotations by famous People.....14
"We are all atheists about most of the gods humanity has ever believed in. Some of us just go one god further." - Richard Dawkins (1941-)
"The artist is nothing without the gift, but the gift is nothing without work." - Emile Zola (1840-1902)
"This book fills a much-needed gap." - Moses Hadas (1900-1966) in a review
"The full use of your powers along lines of excellence." - definition of "happiness" by John F. Kennedy (1917-1963)
"I'm living so far beyond my income that we may almost be said to be living apart." - e e cummings (1894-1962)
"Give me a museum and I'll fill it." - Pablo Picasso (1881-1973)
"Assassins!" - Arturo Toscanini (1867-1957) to his orchestra
"I'll moider da bum." - Heavyweight boxer Tony Galento, when asked what he thought of William Shakespeare
"In theory, there is no difference between theory and practice. But in practice, there is." - Yogi Berra
"I find that the harder I work, the more luck I seem to have." - Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)
"Each problem that I solved became a rule which served afterwards to solve other problems." - Rene Descartes (1596-1650), "Discours de la Methode"
"In the End, we will remember not the words of our enemies, but the silence of our friends." - Martin Luther King Jr. (1929-1968)
"Whether you think that you can, or that you can't, you are usually right." - Henry Ford (1863-1947)
"Do, or do not. There is no 'try'." - Yoda ('The Empire Strikes Back')
"The only way to get rid of a temptation is to yield to it." - Oscar Wilde (1854-1900)
"Don't stay in bed, unless you can make money in bed." - George Burns (1896-1996)
"I don't know why we are here, but I'm pretty sure that it is not in order to enjoy ourselves." - Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951)
"There are no facts, only interpretations." - Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900)
"Nothing in the world is more dangerous than sincere ignorance and conscientious stupidity." - Martin Luther King Jr. (1929-1968)
"The use of COBOL cripples the mind; its teaching should, therefore, be regarded as a criminal offense." - Edsgar Dijkstra (1930-2002)
"C makes it easy to shoot yourself in the foot; C++ makes it harder, but when you do, it blows away your whole leg." - Bjarne Stroustrup
"The artist is nothing without the gift, but the gift is nothing without work." - Emile Zola (1840-1902)
"This book fills a much-needed gap." - Moses Hadas (1900-1966) in a review
"The full use of your powers along lines of excellence." - definition of "happiness" by John F. Kennedy (1917-1963)
"I'm living so far beyond my income that we may almost be said to be living apart." - e e cummings (1894-1962)
"Give me a museum and I'll fill it." - Pablo Picasso (1881-1973)
"Assassins!" - Arturo Toscanini (1867-1957) to his orchestra
"I'll moider da bum." - Heavyweight boxer Tony Galento, when asked what he thought of William Shakespeare
"In theory, there is no difference between theory and practice. But in practice, there is." - Yogi Berra
"I find that the harder I work, the more luck I seem to have." - Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)
"Each problem that I solved became a rule which served afterwards to solve other problems." - Rene Descartes (1596-1650), "Discours de la Methode"
"In the End, we will remember not the words of our enemies, but the silence of our friends." - Martin Luther King Jr. (1929-1968)
"Whether you think that you can, or that you can't, you are usually right." - Henry Ford (1863-1947)
"Do, or do not. There is no 'try'." - Yoda ('The Empire Strikes Back')
"The only way to get rid of a temptation is to yield to it." - Oscar Wilde (1854-1900)
"Don't stay in bed, unless you can make money in bed." - George Burns (1896-1996)
"I don't know why we are here, but I'm pretty sure that it is not in order to enjoy ourselves." - Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951)
"There are no facts, only interpretations." - Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900)
"Nothing in the world is more dangerous than sincere ignorance and conscientious stupidity." - Martin Luther King Jr. (1929-1968)
"The use of COBOL cripples the mind; its teaching should, therefore, be regarded as a criminal offense." - Edsgar Dijkstra (1930-2002)
"C makes it easy to shoot yourself in the foot; C++ makes it harder, but when you do, it blows away your whole leg." - Bjarne Stroustrup
Famous Quotations by famous People.....13
"A mathematician is a device for turning coffee into theorems." - Paul Erdos (1913-1996)
"Problems worthy of attack prove their worth by fighting back." - Paul Erdos (1913-1996)
"Try to learn something about everything and everything about something." - Thomas Henry Huxley (1825-1895)
"Dancing is silent poetry." - Simonides (556-468bc)
"The only difference between me and a madman is that I'm not mad." - Salvador Dali (1904-1989)
"If you can't get rid of the skeleton in your closet, you'd best teach it to dance." - George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950)
”But at my back I always hear Time's winged chariot hurrying near." - Andrew Marvell (1621-1678)
"Good people do not need laws to tell them to act responsibly, while bad people will find a way around the laws." - Plato (427-347 B.C.)
"The power of accurate observation is frequently called cynicism by those who don't have it." - George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950)
"Whenever I climb I am followed by a dog called 'Ego'." - Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900)
"Everybody pities the weak; jealousy you have to earn." - Arnold Schwarzenegger (1947-)
"Against stupidity, the gods themselves contend in vain." - Friedrich von Schiller (1759-1805)
"We have art to save ourselves from the truth." - Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900)
"Never interrupt your enemy when he is making a mistake." - Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821)
"I think 'Hail to the Chief' has a nice ring to it." - John F. Kennedy (1917-1963) when asked what is his favorite song
"I have nothing to declare except my genius." - Oscar Wilde (1854-1900) upon arriving at U.S. customs 1882
"Human history becomes more and more a race between education and catastrophe." - H. G. Wells (1866-1946)
"Talent does what it can; genius does what it must." - Edward George Bulwer-Lytton (1803-1873)
"The difference between 'involvement' and 'commitment' is like an eggs-and-ham breakfast: the chicken was 'involved' - the pig was 'committed'." - unknown
"Women might be able to fake orgasms. But men can fake a whole relationship." - Sharon Stone
"If you are going through hell, keep going." - Sir Winston Churchill (1874-1965)
"He who has a 'why' to live, can bear with almost any 'how'." - Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900)
"Problems worthy of attack prove their worth by fighting back." - Paul Erdos (1913-1996)
"Try to learn something about everything and everything about something." - Thomas Henry Huxley (1825-1895)
"Dancing is silent poetry." - Simonides (556-468bc)
"The only difference between me and a madman is that I'm not mad." - Salvador Dali (1904-1989)
"If you can't get rid of the skeleton in your closet, you'd best teach it to dance." - George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950)
”But at my back I always hear Time's winged chariot hurrying near." - Andrew Marvell (1621-1678)
"Good people do not need laws to tell them to act responsibly, while bad people will find a way around the laws." - Plato (427-347 B.C.)
"The power of accurate observation is frequently called cynicism by those who don't have it." - George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950)
"Whenever I climb I am followed by a dog called 'Ego'." - Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900)
"Everybody pities the weak; jealousy you have to earn." - Arnold Schwarzenegger (1947-)
"Against stupidity, the gods themselves contend in vain." - Friedrich von Schiller (1759-1805)
"We have art to save ourselves from the truth." - Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900)
"Never interrupt your enemy when he is making a mistake." - Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821)
"I think 'Hail to the Chief' has a nice ring to it." - John F. Kennedy (1917-1963) when asked what is his favorite song
"I have nothing to declare except my genius." - Oscar Wilde (1854-1900) upon arriving at U.S. customs 1882
"Human history becomes more and more a race between education and catastrophe." - H. G. Wells (1866-1946)
"Talent does what it can; genius does what it must." - Edward George Bulwer-Lytton (1803-1873)
"The difference between 'involvement' and 'commitment' is like an eggs-and-ham breakfast: the chicken was 'involved' - the pig was 'committed'." - unknown
"Women might be able to fake orgasms. But men can fake a whole relationship." - Sharon Stone
"If you are going through hell, keep going." - Sir Winston Churchill (1874-1965)
"He who has a 'why' to live, can bear with almost any 'how'." - Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900)
Wednesday, April 22, 2009
Famous Quotations by famous People.....11
"A people that values its privileges above its principles soon loses both." - Dwight D. Eisenhower (1890-1969), Inaugural Address, January 20, 1953
"The significant problems we face cannot be solved at the same level of thinking we were at when we created them." - Albert Einstein (1879-1955)
"Basically, I no longer work for anything but the sensation I have while working." - Albert Giacometti (sculptor)
"There's a limit to how many times you can read how great you are and what an inspiration you are, but I'm not there yet." - Randy Pausch (1960-2008)
"It is far better to grasp the Universe as it really is than to persist in delusion, however satisfying and reassuring." - Carl Sagan (1934-1996)
"All truth passes through three stages. First, it is ridiculed. Second, it is violently opposed. Third, it is accepted as being self-evident." - Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860)
"Many a man's reputation would not know his character if they met on the street." - Elbert Hubbard (1856-1915)
"There is more stupidity than hydrogen in the universe, and it has a longer shelf life." - Frank Zappa
"Perfection is achieved, not when there is nothing more to add, but when there is nothing left to take away." - Antoine de Saint Exupery
"Life is pleasant. Death is peaceful. It's the transition that's troublesome." - Isaac Asimov
"If you want to make an apple pie from scratch, you must first create the universe." - Carl Sagan (1934-1996)
"It is much more comfortable to be mad and know it, than to be sane and have one's doubts." - G. B. Burgin
"Once is happenstance. Twice is coincidence. Three times is enemy action." - Auric Goldfinger, in "Goldfinger" by Ian L. Fleming (1908-1964)
"To love oneself is the beginning of a lifelong romance" - Oscar Wilde (1854-1900)
"Knowledge speaks, but wisdom listens." - Jimi Hendrix
"A clever man commits no minor blunders." - Goethe (1749-1832)
"Argue for your limitations, and sure enough they're yours." - Richard Bach
"A witty saying proves nothing." - Voltaire (1694-1778)
"Sleep is an excellent way of listening to an opera." - James Stephens (1882-1950)
"The nice thing about being a celebrity is that if you bore people they think it's their fault." - Henry Kissinger (1923-)
"Education is a progressive discovery of our own ignorance." - Will Durant
"I have often regretted my speech, never my silence." - Xenocrates (396-314 B.C.)
"It was the experience of mystery -- even if mixed with fear -- that engendered religion." - Albert Einstein (1879-1955)
"If everything seems under control, you're just not going fast enough." - Mario Andretti
"I do not consider it an insult, but rather a compliment to be called an agnostic. I do not pretend to know where many ignorant men are sure -- that is all that agnosticism means." - Clarence Darrow, Scopes trial, 1925.
"The significant problems we face cannot be solved at the same level of thinking we were at when we created them." - Albert Einstein (1879-1955)
"Basically, I no longer work for anything but the sensation I have while working." - Albert Giacometti (sculptor)
"There's a limit to how many times you can read how great you are and what an inspiration you are, but I'm not there yet." - Randy Pausch (1960-2008)
"It is far better to grasp the Universe as it really is than to persist in delusion, however satisfying and reassuring." - Carl Sagan (1934-1996)
"All truth passes through three stages. First, it is ridiculed. Second, it is violently opposed. Third, it is accepted as being self-evident." - Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860)
"Many a man's reputation would not know his character if they met on the street." - Elbert Hubbard (1856-1915)
"There is more stupidity than hydrogen in the universe, and it has a longer shelf life." - Frank Zappa
"Perfection is achieved, not when there is nothing more to add, but when there is nothing left to take away." - Antoine de Saint Exupery
"Life is pleasant. Death is peaceful. It's the transition that's troublesome." - Isaac Asimov
"If you want to make an apple pie from scratch, you must first create the universe." - Carl Sagan (1934-1996)
"It is much more comfortable to be mad and know it, than to be sane and have one's doubts." - G. B. Burgin
"Once is happenstance. Twice is coincidence. Three times is enemy action." - Auric Goldfinger, in "Goldfinger" by Ian L. Fleming (1908-1964)
"To love oneself is the beginning of a lifelong romance" - Oscar Wilde (1854-1900)
"Knowledge speaks, but wisdom listens." - Jimi Hendrix
"A clever man commits no minor blunders." - Goethe (1749-1832)
"Argue for your limitations, and sure enough they're yours." - Richard Bach
"A witty saying proves nothing." - Voltaire (1694-1778)
"Sleep is an excellent way of listening to an opera." - James Stephens (1882-1950)
"The nice thing about being a celebrity is that if you bore people they think it's their fault." - Henry Kissinger (1923-)
"Education is a progressive discovery of our own ignorance." - Will Durant
"I have often regretted my speech, never my silence." - Xenocrates (396-314 B.C.)
"It was the experience of mystery -- even if mixed with fear -- that engendered religion." - Albert Einstein (1879-1955)
"If everything seems under control, you're just not going fast enough." - Mario Andretti
"I do not consider it an insult, but rather a compliment to be called an agnostic. I do not pretend to know where many ignorant men are sure -- that is all that agnosticism means." - Clarence Darrow, Scopes trial, 1925.
Tuesday, April 21, 2009
Famous Quotations by famous People.....12
"Many wealthy people are little more than janitors of their possessions." - Frank Lloyd Wright (1868-1959)
"I'm all in favor of keeping dangerous weapons out of the hands of fools. Let's start with typewriters." - Frank Lloyd Wright (1868-1959)
"Some cause happiness wherever they go; others, whenever they go." - Oscar Wilde (1854-1900)
"God is a comedian playing to an audience too afraid to laugh." - Voltaire (1694-1778)
"He is one of those people who would be enormously improved by death." - H. H. Munro (Saki) (1870-1916)
"I am ready to meet my Maker. Whether my Maker is prepared for the great ordeal of meeting me is another matter." - Sir Winston Churchill (1874-1965)
"I shall not waste my days in trying to prolong them." - Ian L. Fleming (1908-1964)
"If you can count your money, you don't have a billion dollars." - J. Paul Getty (1892-1976)
"Facts are the enemy of truth." - Don Quixote - "Man of La Mancha"
"When you do the common things in life in an uncommon way, you will command the attention of the world." - George Washington Carver (1864-1943)
"How wrong it is for a woman to expect the man to build the world she wants, rather than to create it herself." - Anais Nin (1903-1977)
"I have not failed. I've just found 10,000 ways that won't work." - Thomas Alva Edison (1847-1931)
"I begin by taking. I shall find scholars later to demonstrate my perfect right." - Frederick (II) the Great
"Maybe this world is another planet's Hell." - Aldous Huxley (1894-1963)
"Blessed is the man, who having nothing to say, abstains from giving wordy evidence of the fact." - George Eliot (1819-1880)
"Once you eliminate the impossible, whatever remains, no matter how improbable, must be the truth." - Sherlock Holmes (by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1859-1930)
"Black holes are where God divided by zero." - Steven Wright
"I've had a wonderful time, but this wasn't it." - Groucho Marx (1895-1977)
"It's kind of fun to do the impossible." - Walt Disney (1901-1966)
"We didn't lose the game; we just ran out of time." - Vince Lombardi
"The optimist proclaims that we live in the best of all possible worlds, and the pessimist fears this is true." - James Branch Cabell
"A friendship founded on business is better than a business founded on friendship." - John D. Rockefeller (1874-1960)
"All are lunatics, but he who can analyze his delusion is called a philosopher." - Ambrose Bierce (1842-1914)
"You can only find truth with logic if you have already found truth without it." - Gilbert Keith Chesterton (1874-1936)
"An inconvenience is only an adventure wrongly considered; an adventure is an inconvenience rightly considered." - Gilbert Keith Chesterton (1874-1936)
"I have come to believe that the whole world is an enigma, a harmless enigma that is made terrible by our own mad attempt to interpret it as though it had an underlying truth." - Umberto Eco
"Be nice to people on your way up because you meet them on your way down." - Jimmy Durante
"The true measure of a man is how he treats someone who can do him absolutely no good." - Samuel Johnson (1709-1784)
"I'm all in favor of keeping dangerous weapons out of the hands of fools. Let's start with typewriters." - Frank Lloyd Wright (1868-1959)
"Some cause happiness wherever they go; others, whenever they go." - Oscar Wilde (1854-1900)
"God is a comedian playing to an audience too afraid to laugh." - Voltaire (1694-1778)
"He is one of those people who would be enormously improved by death." - H. H. Munro (Saki) (1870-1916)
"I am ready to meet my Maker. Whether my Maker is prepared for the great ordeal of meeting me is another matter." - Sir Winston Churchill (1874-1965)
"I shall not waste my days in trying to prolong them." - Ian L. Fleming (1908-1964)
"If you can count your money, you don't have a billion dollars." - J. Paul Getty (1892-1976)
"Facts are the enemy of truth." - Don Quixote - "Man of La Mancha"
"When you do the common things in life in an uncommon way, you will command the attention of the world." - George Washington Carver (1864-1943)
"How wrong it is for a woman to expect the man to build the world she wants, rather than to create it herself." - Anais Nin (1903-1977)
"I have not failed. I've just found 10,000 ways that won't work." - Thomas Alva Edison (1847-1931)
"I begin by taking. I shall find scholars later to demonstrate my perfect right." - Frederick (II) the Great
"Maybe this world is another planet's Hell." - Aldous Huxley (1894-1963)
"Blessed is the man, who having nothing to say, abstains from giving wordy evidence of the fact." - George Eliot (1819-1880)
"Once you eliminate the impossible, whatever remains, no matter how improbable, must be the truth." - Sherlock Holmes (by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1859-1930)
"Black holes are where God divided by zero." - Steven Wright
"I've had a wonderful time, but this wasn't it." - Groucho Marx (1895-1977)
"It's kind of fun to do the impossible." - Walt Disney (1901-1966)
"We didn't lose the game; we just ran out of time." - Vince Lombardi
"The optimist proclaims that we live in the best of all possible worlds, and the pessimist fears this is true." - James Branch Cabell
"A friendship founded on business is better than a business founded on friendship." - John D. Rockefeller (1874-1960)
"All are lunatics, but he who can analyze his delusion is called a philosopher." - Ambrose Bierce (1842-1914)
"You can only find truth with logic if you have already found truth without it." - Gilbert Keith Chesterton (1874-1936)
"An inconvenience is only an adventure wrongly considered; an adventure is an inconvenience rightly considered." - Gilbert Keith Chesterton (1874-1936)
"I have come to believe that the whole world is an enigma, a harmless enigma that is made terrible by our own mad attempt to interpret it as though it had an underlying truth." - Umberto Eco
"Be nice to people on your way up because you meet them on your way down." - Jimmy Durante
"The true measure of a man is how he treats someone who can do him absolutely no good." - Samuel Johnson (1709-1784)
Monday, April 20, 2009
Famous Quotations by famous People.....10
"Obstacles are those frightful things you see when you take your eyes off your goal." - Henry Ford (1863-1947)
"I'll sleep when I'm dead." - Warren Zevon (1947-2003)
"There are people in the world so hungry, that God cannot appear to them except in the form of bread." - Mahatma Gandhi (1869-1948)
"When you gaze long into the abyss, the abyss also gazes into you." - Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900)
"The instinct of nearly all societies is to lock up anybody who is truly free. First, society begins by trying to beat you up. If this fails, they try to poison you. If this fails too, they finish by loading honors on your head." - Jean Cocteau (1889-1963)
"Everyone is a genius at least once a year; a real genius has his original ideas closer together." - Georg Lichtenberg (1742-1799)
"Success usually comes to those who are too busy to be looking for it" - Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862)
"While we are postponing, life speeds by." - Seneca (3BC - 65AD)
"Where are we going, and why am I in this handbasket?" - Bumper Sticker
"God, please save me from your followers!" - Bumper Sticker
"Fill what's empty, empty what's full, and scratch where it itches." - the Duchess of Windsor, when asked what is the secret of a long and happy life
"First they ignore you, then they laugh at you, then they fight you, then you win." - Mahatma Gandhi (1869-1948)
"Luck is the residue of design." - Branch Rickey - former owner of the Brooklyn Dodger Baseball Team
"Tragedy is when I cut my finger. Comedy is when you walk into an open sewer and die." - Mel Brooks
"Most people would sooner die than think; in fact, they do so." - Bertrand Russell (1872-1970)
"Wit is educated insolence." - Aristotle (384-322 B.C.)
"My advice to you is get married: if you find a good wife you'll be happy; if not, you'll become a philosopher." - Socrates (470-399 B.C.)
"Egotist: a person more interested in himself than in me." - Ambrose Bierce (1842-1914)
"A narcissist is someone better looking than you are." - Gore Vidal
"Wise men make proverbs, but fools repeat them." - Samuel Palmer (1805-80)
"It has become appallingly obvious that our technology has exceeded our humanity." - Albert Einstein (1879-1955)
"The secret of success is to know something nobody else knows." - Aristotle Onassis (1906-1975)
"Sometimes when reading Goethe I have the paralyzing suspicion that he is trying to be funny." - Guy Davenport
"When you have to kill a man, it costs nothing to be polite." - Sir Winston Churchill (1874-1965)
"Any man who is under 30, and is not a liberal, has no heart; and any man who is over 30, and is not a conservative, has no brains." - Sir Winston Churchill (1874-1965)
"The opposite of a correct statement is a false statement. The opposite of a profound truth may well be another profound truth." - Niels Bohr (1885-1962)
"I'll sleep when I'm dead." - Warren Zevon (1947-2003)
"There are people in the world so hungry, that God cannot appear to them except in the form of bread." - Mahatma Gandhi (1869-1948)
"When you gaze long into the abyss, the abyss also gazes into you." - Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900)
"The instinct of nearly all societies is to lock up anybody who is truly free. First, society begins by trying to beat you up. If this fails, they try to poison you. If this fails too, they finish by loading honors on your head." - Jean Cocteau (1889-1963)
"Everyone is a genius at least once a year; a real genius has his original ideas closer together." - Georg Lichtenberg (1742-1799)
"Success usually comes to those who are too busy to be looking for it" - Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862)
"While we are postponing, life speeds by." - Seneca (3BC - 65AD)
"Where are we going, and why am I in this handbasket?" - Bumper Sticker
"God, please save me from your followers!" - Bumper Sticker
"Fill what's empty, empty what's full, and scratch where it itches." - the Duchess of Windsor, when asked what is the secret of a long and happy life
"First they ignore you, then they laugh at you, then they fight you, then you win." - Mahatma Gandhi (1869-1948)
"Luck is the residue of design." - Branch Rickey - former owner of the Brooklyn Dodger Baseball Team
"Tragedy is when I cut my finger. Comedy is when you walk into an open sewer and die." - Mel Brooks
"Most people would sooner die than think; in fact, they do so." - Bertrand Russell (1872-1970)
"Wit is educated insolence." - Aristotle (384-322 B.C.)
"My advice to you is get married: if you find a good wife you'll be happy; if not, you'll become a philosopher." - Socrates (470-399 B.C.)
"Egotist: a person more interested in himself than in me." - Ambrose Bierce (1842-1914)
"A narcissist is someone better looking than you are." - Gore Vidal
"Wise men make proverbs, but fools repeat them." - Samuel Palmer (1805-80)
"It has become appallingly obvious that our technology has exceeded our humanity." - Albert Einstein (1879-1955)
"The secret of success is to know something nobody else knows." - Aristotle Onassis (1906-1975)
"Sometimes when reading Goethe I have the paralyzing suspicion that he is trying to be funny." - Guy Davenport
"When you have to kill a man, it costs nothing to be polite." - Sir Winston Churchill (1874-1965)
"Any man who is under 30, and is not a liberal, has no heart; and any man who is over 30, and is not a conservative, has no brains." - Sir Winston Churchill (1874-1965)
"The opposite of a correct statement is a false statement. The opposite of a profound truth may well be another profound truth." - Niels Bohr (1885-1962)
Sunday, April 19, 2009
Famous Quotations by famous People.....9
"Well-timed silence hath more eloquence than speech." - Martin Fraquhar Tupper
"Thank you for sending me a copy of your book - I'll waste no time reading it." - Moses Hadas (1900-1966)
"From the moment I picked your book up until I laid it down I was convulsed with laughter. Some day I intend reading it." - Groucho Marx (1895-1977)
"It is better to have a permanent income than to be fascinating." - Oscar Wilde (1854-1900)
"When ideas fail, words come in very handy." - Goethe (1749-1832)
"In the end, everything is a gag." - Charlie Chaplin (1889-1977)
"The nice thing about egotists is that they don't talk about other people." - Lucille S. Harper
"You got to be careful if you don't know where you're going, because you might not get there." - Yogi Berra
"I love Mickey Mouse more than any woman I have ever known." - Walt Disney (1901-1966)
"He who hesitates is a damned fool." - Mae West (1892-1980)
"Good teaching is one-fourth preparation and three-fourths theater." - Gail Godwin
"University politics are vicious precisely because the stakes are so small." - Henry Kissinger (1923-)
"The graveyards are full of indispensable men." - Charles de Gaulle (1890-1970)
"You can pretend to be serious; you can't pretend to be witty." - Sacha Guitry (1885-1957)
"Behind every great fortune there is a crime." - Honore de Balzac (1799-1850)
"If women didn't exist, all the money in the world would have no meaning." - Aristotle Onassis (1906-1975)
"I am not young enough to know everything." - Oscar Wilde (1854-1900)
"Bigamy is having one wife too many. Monogamy is the same." - Oscar Wilde (1854-1900)
"The object of war is not to die for your country but to make the other bastard die for his." - General George Patton (1885-1945)
"Sometimes a scream is better than a thesis." - Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882)
"There is no sincerer love than the love of food." - George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950)
"I don't even butter my bread; I consider that cooking." - Katherine Cebrian
"I have an existential map; it has 'you are here' written all over it." - Steven Wright
"Mr. Wagner has beautiful moments but bad quarters of an hour." - Gioacchino Rossini (1792-1868)
"Manuscript: something submitted in haste and returned at leisure." - Oliver Herford (1863-1935)
"I have read your book and much like it." - Moses Hadas (1900-1966)
"The covers of this book are too far apart." - Ambrose Bierce (1842-1914)
"Thank you for sending me a copy of your book - I'll waste no time reading it." - Moses Hadas (1900-1966)
"From the moment I picked your book up until I laid it down I was convulsed with laughter. Some day I intend reading it." - Groucho Marx (1895-1977)
"It is better to have a permanent income than to be fascinating." - Oscar Wilde (1854-1900)
"When ideas fail, words come in very handy." - Goethe (1749-1832)
"In the end, everything is a gag." - Charlie Chaplin (1889-1977)
"The nice thing about egotists is that they don't talk about other people." - Lucille S. Harper
"You got to be careful if you don't know where you're going, because you might not get there." - Yogi Berra
"I love Mickey Mouse more than any woman I have ever known." - Walt Disney (1901-1966)
"He who hesitates is a damned fool." - Mae West (1892-1980)
"Good teaching is one-fourth preparation and three-fourths theater." - Gail Godwin
"University politics are vicious precisely because the stakes are so small." - Henry Kissinger (1923-)
"The graveyards are full of indispensable men." - Charles de Gaulle (1890-1970)
"You can pretend to be serious; you can't pretend to be witty." - Sacha Guitry (1885-1957)
"Behind every great fortune there is a crime." - Honore de Balzac (1799-1850)
"If women didn't exist, all the money in the world would have no meaning." - Aristotle Onassis (1906-1975)
"I am not young enough to know everything." - Oscar Wilde (1854-1900)
"Bigamy is having one wife too many. Monogamy is the same." - Oscar Wilde (1854-1900)
"The object of war is not to die for your country but to make the other bastard die for his." - General George Patton (1885-1945)
"Sometimes a scream is better than a thesis." - Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882)
"There is no sincerer love than the love of food." - George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950)
"I don't even butter my bread; I consider that cooking." - Katherine Cebrian
"I have an existential map; it has 'you are here' written all over it." - Steven Wright
"Mr. Wagner has beautiful moments but bad quarters of an hour." - Gioacchino Rossini (1792-1868)
"Manuscript: something submitted in haste and returned at leisure." - Oliver Herford (1863-1935)
"I have read your book and much like it." - Moses Hadas (1900-1966)
"The covers of this book are too far apart." - Ambrose Bierce (1842-1914)
Saturday, April 18, 2009
Famous Quotations by famous People.....7
"Everywhere I go I'm asked if I think the university stifles writers. My opinion is that they don't stifle enough of them." - Flannery O'Connor (1925-1964)
"Too many pieces of music finish too long after the end." - Igor Stravinsky (1882-1971)
"Anything that is too stupid to be spoken is sung." - Voltaire (1694-1778)
"When choosing between two evils, I always like to try the one I've never tried before." - Mae West (1892-1980)
"I don't know anything about music. In my line you don't have to." - Elvis Presley (1935-1977)
"No Sane man will dance." - Cicero (106-43 B.C.)
"Hell is a half-filled auditorium." - Robert Frost (1874-1963)
"Show me a sane man and I will cure him for you." - Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961)
"Vote early and vote often." - Al Capone (1899-1947)
"If I were two-faced, would I be wearing this one?" - Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865)
"Few things are harder to put up with than a good example." - Mark Twain (1835-1910)
"Hell is other people." - Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980)
"Now I am become death, the destroyer of worlds." - Robert J. Oppenheimer (1904-1967) (citing from the Bhagavad Gita, after witnessing the world's first nuclear explosion)
"Happiness is good health and a bad memory." - Ingrid Bergman (1917-1982)
"Friends may come and go, but enemies accumulate." - Thomas Jones
"You can get more with a kind word and a gun than you can with a kind word alone." - Al Capone (1899-1947)
"The gods too are fond of a joke." - Aristotle (384-322 B.C.)
"Distrust any enterprise that requires new clothes." - Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862)
"The difference between pornography and erotica is lighting." - Gloria Leonard
"It is time I stepped aside for a less experienced and less able man." - Professor Scott Elledge on his retirement from Cornell
"Every day I get up and look through the Forbes list of the richest people in America. If I'm not there, I go to work." - Robert Orben
"The cynics are right nine times out of ten." - Henry Louis Mencken (1880-1956)
"There are some experiences in life which should not be demanded twice from any man, and one of them is listening to the Brahms Requiem." - George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950)
"And I looked, and behold a pale horse: and his name that sat on him was Death, and Hell followed with him." - Revelation 6:8
"Attention to health is life's greatest hindrance." - Plato (427-347 B.C.)
"Plato was a bore." - Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900)
"Nietzsche was stupid and abnormal." - Leo Tolstoy (1828-1910)
"Too many pieces of music finish too long after the end." - Igor Stravinsky (1882-1971)
"Anything that is too stupid to be spoken is sung." - Voltaire (1694-1778)
"When choosing between two evils, I always like to try the one I've never tried before." - Mae West (1892-1980)
"I don't know anything about music. In my line you don't have to." - Elvis Presley (1935-1977)
"No Sane man will dance." - Cicero (106-43 B.C.)
"Hell is a half-filled auditorium." - Robert Frost (1874-1963)
"Show me a sane man and I will cure him for you." - Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961)
"Vote early and vote often." - Al Capone (1899-1947)
"If I were two-faced, would I be wearing this one?" - Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865)
"Few things are harder to put up with than a good example." - Mark Twain (1835-1910)
"Hell is other people." - Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980)
"Now I am become death, the destroyer of worlds." - Robert J. Oppenheimer (1904-1967) (citing from the Bhagavad Gita, after witnessing the world's first nuclear explosion)
"Happiness is good health and a bad memory." - Ingrid Bergman (1917-1982)
"Friends may come and go, but enemies accumulate." - Thomas Jones
"You can get more with a kind word and a gun than you can with a kind word alone." - Al Capone (1899-1947)
"The gods too are fond of a joke." - Aristotle (384-322 B.C.)
"Distrust any enterprise that requires new clothes." - Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862)
"The difference between pornography and erotica is lighting." - Gloria Leonard
"It is time I stepped aside for a less experienced and less able man." - Professor Scott Elledge on his retirement from Cornell
"Every day I get up and look through the Forbes list of the richest people in America. If I'm not there, I go to work." - Robert Orben
"The cynics are right nine times out of ten." - Henry Louis Mencken (1880-1956)
"There are some experiences in life which should not be demanded twice from any man, and one of them is listening to the Brahms Requiem." - George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950)
"And I looked, and behold a pale horse: and his name that sat on him was Death, and Hell followed with him." - Revelation 6:8
"Attention to health is life's greatest hindrance." - Plato (427-347 B.C.)
"Plato was a bore." - Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900)
"Nietzsche was stupid and abnormal." - Leo Tolstoy (1828-1910)
Thursday, April 16, 2009
Famous Quotations by famous People.....6
"I'm not going to get into the ring with Tolstoy." - Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961)
"Hemingway was a jerk." - Harold Robbins
"Men are not disturbed by things, but the view they take of things." - Epictetus (55-135 A.D.)
"What about things like bullets?" - Herb Kimmel, Behavioralist, Professor of Psychology, upon hearing the above quote (1981)
"How can I lose to such an idiot?" - A shout from chessmaster Aaron Nimzovich (1886-1935)
"Not only is there no God, but try finding a plumber on Sunday." - Woody Allen (1935-)
"I don't feel good." - The last words of Luther Burbank (1849-1926)
"Nothing is wrong with California that a rise in the ocean level wouldn't cure." - Ross MacDonald (1915-1983)
"Men have become the tools of their tools." - Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862)
"I have never let my schooling interfere with my education. - Mark Twain (1835-1910)
"It is now possible for a flight attendant to get a pilot pregnant." - Richard J. Ferris, president of United Airlines
"I never miss a chance to have sex or appear on television." - Gore Vidal
"I don't want to achieve immortality through my work; I want to achieve immortality through not dying." - Woody Allen (1935-)
"Men and nations behave wisely once they have exhausted all the other alternatives. - Abba Eban (1915-2002)
"A consensus means that everyone agrees to say collectively what no one believes individually." - Abba Eban (1915-2002)
"To sit alone with my conscience will be judgment enough for me." - Charles William Stubbs
"Sanity is a madness put to good uses." - George Santayana (1863-1952)
"Imitation is the sincerest form of television." - Fred Allen (1894-1956)
"Always do right- this will gratify some and astonish the rest." - Mark Twain (1835-1910)
"In America, anybody can be president. That's one of the risks you take." - Adlai Stevenson (1900-1965)
"Copy from one, it's plagiarism; copy from two, it's research." - Wilson Mizner (1876-1933)
"Why don't you write books people can read?" - Nora Joyce to her husband James (1882-1941)
"Hemingway was a jerk." - Harold Robbins
"Men are not disturbed by things, but the view they take of things." - Epictetus (55-135 A.D.)
"What about things like bullets?" - Herb Kimmel, Behavioralist, Professor of Psychology, upon hearing the above quote (1981)
"How can I lose to such an idiot?" - A shout from chessmaster Aaron Nimzovich (1886-1935)
"Not only is there no God, but try finding a plumber on Sunday." - Woody Allen (1935-)
"I don't feel good." - The last words of Luther Burbank (1849-1926)
"Nothing is wrong with California that a rise in the ocean level wouldn't cure." - Ross MacDonald (1915-1983)
"Men have become the tools of their tools." - Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862)
"I have never let my schooling interfere with my education. - Mark Twain (1835-1910)
"It is now possible for a flight attendant to get a pilot pregnant." - Richard J. Ferris, president of United Airlines
"I never miss a chance to have sex or appear on television." - Gore Vidal
"I don't want to achieve immortality through my work; I want to achieve immortality through not dying." - Woody Allen (1935-)
"Men and nations behave wisely once they have exhausted all the other alternatives. - Abba Eban (1915-2002)
"A consensus means that everyone agrees to say collectively what no one believes individually." - Abba Eban (1915-2002)
"To sit alone with my conscience will be judgment enough for me." - Charles William Stubbs
"Sanity is a madness put to good uses." - George Santayana (1863-1952)
"Imitation is the sincerest form of television." - Fred Allen (1894-1956)
"Always do right- this will gratify some and astonish the rest." - Mark Twain (1835-1910)
"In America, anybody can be president. That's one of the risks you take." - Adlai Stevenson (1900-1965)
"Copy from one, it's plagiarism; copy from two, it's research." - Wilson Mizner (1876-1933)
"Why don't you write books people can read?" - Nora Joyce to her husband James (1882-1941)
Tuesday, April 14, 2009
Famous Quotations by famous People....5
"Some editors are failed writers, but so are most writers." - T. S. Eliot (1888-1965)
"Criticism is prejudice made plausible." - Henry Louis Mencken (1880-1956)
"It is better to be quotable than to be honest." - Tom Stoppard
"Being on the tightrope is living; everything else is waiting." - Karl Wallenda
"Opportunities multiply as they are seized." - Sun Tzu
"A scholar who cherishes the love of comfort is not fit to be deemed a scholar." - Lao-Tzu (570?-490? BC)
" The best way to predict the future is to invent it." - Alan Kay
"Never mistake motion for action." - Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961)
"I contend that we are both atheists. I just believe in one fewer god than you do. When you understand why you dismiss all the other possible gods, you will understand why I dismiss yours." - Sir Stephen Henry Roberts (1901-1971)
"Hell is paved with good samaritans." - William M. Holden
"The longer I live the more I see that I am never wrong about anything, and that all the pains that I have so humbly taken to verify my notions have only wasted my time." - George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950)
"Silence is argument carried out by other means." - Ernesto"Che"Guevara (1928-1967)
"Well done is better than well said." - Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790)
"The average person thinks he isn't." - Father Larry Lorenzoni
"Heav'n hath no rage like love to hatred turn'd, Nor Hell a fury, like a woman scorn'd." - William Congreve (1670-1729)
"A husband is what is left of the lover after the nerve has been extracted." - Helen Rowland (1876-1950)
"Criticism is prejudice made plausible." - Henry Louis Mencken (1880-1956)
"It is better to be quotable than to be honest." - Tom Stoppard
"Being on the tightrope is living; everything else is waiting." - Karl Wallenda
"Opportunities multiply as they are seized." - Sun Tzu
"A scholar who cherishes the love of comfort is not fit to be deemed a scholar." - Lao-Tzu (570?-490? BC)
" The best way to predict the future is to invent it." - Alan Kay
"Never mistake motion for action." - Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961)
"I contend that we are both atheists. I just believe in one fewer god than you do. When you understand why you dismiss all the other possible gods, you will understand why I dismiss yours." - Sir Stephen Henry Roberts (1901-1971)
"Hell is paved with good samaritans." - William M. Holden
"The longer I live the more I see that I am never wrong about anything, and that all the pains that I have so humbly taken to verify my notions have only wasted my time." - George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950)
"Silence is argument carried out by other means." - Ernesto"Che"Guevara (1928-1967)
"Well done is better than well said." - Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790)
"The average person thinks he isn't." - Father Larry Lorenzoni
"Heav'n hath no rage like love to hatred turn'd, Nor Hell a fury, like a woman scorn'd." - William Congreve (1670-1729)
"A husband is what is left of the lover after the nerve has been extracted." - Helen Rowland (1876-1950)
Sunday, April 12, 2009
Famous Quotations by famous People... 4
"Learning is what most adults will do for a living in the 21st century." - Lewis Perelman
"Dogma is the sacrifice of wisdom to consistency." - Lewis Perelman
"Sometimes it is not enough to do our best; we must do what is required." - Sir Winston Churchill (1874-1965)
"The man who goes alone can start today; but he who travels with another must wait till that other is ready." - Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862)
"There is a country in Europe where multiple-choice tests are illegal." - Sigfried Hulzer
"Ask her to wait a moment - I am almost done." - Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855), while working, when informed that his wife is dying
"A pessimist sees the difficulty in every opportunity; an optimist sees the opportunity in every difficulty." - Sir Winston Churchill (1874-1965)
"I think there is a world market for maybe five computers." - Thomas Watson (1874-1956), Chairman of IBM, 1943
"I think it would be a good idea." - Mahatma Gandhi (1869-1948), when asked what he thought of Western civilization
"The only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing." - Edmund Burke (1729-1797)
"I'm not a member of any organized political party, I'm a Democrat!" - Will Rogers (1879-1935)
"If stupidity got us into this mess, then why can't it get us out?" " - Will Rogers (1879-1935)
"The backbone of surprise is fusing speed with secrecy." - Von Clausewitz (1780-1831)
"Democracy does not guarantee equality of conditions - it only guarantees equality of opportunity." - Irving Kristol
"There is no reason anyone would want a computer in their home." - Ken Olson, president, chairman and founder of Digital Equipment Corp., 1977
"The concept is interesting and well-formed, but in order to earn better than a 'C', the idea must be feasible." - A Yale University management professor in response to student Fred Smith's paper
"Dogma is the sacrifice of wisdom to consistency." - Lewis Perelman
"Sometimes it is not enough to do our best; we must do what is required." - Sir Winston Churchill (1874-1965)
"The man who goes alone can start today; but he who travels with another must wait till that other is ready." - Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862)
"There is a country in Europe where multiple-choice tests are illegal." - Sigfried Hulzer
"Ask her to wait a moment - I am almost done." - Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855), while working, when informed that his wife is dying
"A pessimist sees the difficulty in every opportunity; an optimist sees the opportunity in every difficulty." - Sir Winston Churchill (1874-1965)
"I think there is a world market for maybe five computers." - Thomas Watson (1874-1956), Chairman of IBM, 1943
"I think it would be a good idea." - Mahatma Gandhi (1869-1948), when asked what he thought of Western civilization
"The only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing." - Edmund Burke (1729-1797)
"I'm not a member of any organized political party, I'm a Democrat!" - Will Rogers (1879-1935)
"If stupidity got us into this mess, then why can't it get us out?" " - Will Rogers (1879-1935)
"The backbone of surprise is fusing speed with secrecy." - Von Clausewitz (1780-1831)
"Democracy does not guarantee equality of conditions - it only guarantees equality of opportunity." - Irving Kristol
"There is no reason anyone would want a computer in their home." - Ken Olson, president, chairman and founder of Digital Equipment Corp., 1977
"The concept is interesting and well-formed, but in order to earn better than a 'C', the idea must be feasible." - A Yale University management professor in response to student Fred Smith's paper
Saturday, April 11, 2009
Famous Quotations by famous People.. 3
"Who the hell wants to hear actors talk?" - H. M. Warner (1881-1958), founder of Warner Brothers, in 1927
"We don't like their sound, and guitar music is on the way out." - Decca Recording Co. rejecting the Beatles, 1962
"Everything that can be invented has been invented." - Charles H. Duell, Commissioner, U.S. Office of Patents, 1899
"Denial ain't just a river in Egypt." - Mark Twain (1835-1910)
"A pint of sweat saves a gallon of blood." - General George S. Patton (1885-1945)
"After I'm dead I'd rather have people ask why I have no monument than why I have one." - Cato the Elder (234-149 BC, AKA Marcus Porcius Cato)
"He can compress the most words into the smallest idea of any man I know." - Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865)
"Don't let it end like this. Tell them I said something." - last words of Pancho Villa (1877-1923)
"The right to swing my fist ends where the other man's nose begins." - Oliver Wendell Holmes (1841-1935)
"The difference between fiction and reality? Fiction has to make sense." - Tom Clancy
"It's not the size of the dog in the fight, it's the size of the fight in the dog." - Mark Twain (1835-1910)
"It is better to be feared than loved, if you cannot be both." - Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527), "The Prince"
"Whatever is begun in anger ends in shame." - Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790)
"The President has kept all of the promises he intended to keep." - Clinton aide George Stephanopolous speaking on Larry King Live
"We're going to turn this team around 360 degrees." - Jason Kidd, upon his drafting to the Dallas Mavericks
"Half this game is ninety percent mental." - Yogi Berra
"There is only one nature - the division into science and engineering is a human imposition, not a natural one. Indeed, the division is a human failure; it reflects our limited capacity to comprehend the whole." - Bill Wulf
"There's many a bestseller that could have been prevented by a good teacher." - Flannery O'Connor (1925-1964)
"He has all the virtues I dislike and none of the vices I admire." - Sir Winston Churchill (1874-1965)
"Write drunk; edit sober." - Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961)
"We don't like their sound, and guitar music is on the way out." - Decca Recording Co. rejecting the Beatles, 1962
"Everything that can be invented has been invented." - Charles H. Duell, Commissioner, U.S. Office of Patents, 1899
"Denial ain't just a river in Egypt." - Mark Twain (1835-1910)
"A pint of sweat saves a gallon of blood." - General George S. Patton (1885-1945)
"After I'm dead I'd rather have people ask why I have no monument than why I have one." - Cato the Elder (234-149 BC, AKA Marcus Porcius Cato)
"He can compress the most words into the smallest idea of any man I know." - Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865)
"Don't let it end like this. Tell them I said something." - last words of Pancho Villa (1877-1923)
"The right to swing my fist ends where the other man's nose begins." - Oliver Wendell Holmes (1841-1935)
"The difference between fiction and reality? Fiction has to make sense." - Tom Clancy
"It's not the size of the dog in the fight, it's the size of the fight in the dog." - Mark Twain (1835-1910)
"It is better to be feared than loved, if you cannot be both." - Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527), "The Prince"
"Whatever is begun in anger ends in shame." - Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790)
"The President has kept all of the promises he intended to keep." - Clinton aide George Stephanopolous speaking on Larry King Live
"We're going to turn this team around 360 degrees." - Jason Kidd, upon his drafting to the Dallas Mavericks
"Half this game is ninety percent mental." - Yogi Berra
"There is only one nature - the division into science and engineering is a human imposition, not a natural one. Indeed, the division is a human failure; it reflects our limited capacity to comprehend the whole." - Bill Wulf
"There's many a bestseller that could have been prevented by a good teacher." - Flannery O'Connor (1925-1964)
"He has all the virtues I dislike and none of the vices I admire." - Sir Winston Churchill (1874-1965)
"Write drunk; edit sober." - Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961)
Friday, April 10, 2009
Famous Quotations by famous People..2
"I criticize by creation - not by finding fault." - Cicero (106-43 B.C.)
"Love is friendship set on fire." - Jeremy Taylor
"God gave men both a penis and a brain, but unfortunately not enough blood supply to run both at the same time." - Robin Williams, commenting on the Clinton/Lewinsky affair
"My occupation now, I suppose, is jail inmate." - Unibomber Theodore Kaczynski, when asked in court what his current profession was
"Woman was God's second mistake." - Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900)
"This isn't right, this isn't even wrong." - Wolfgang Pauli (1900-1958), upon reading a young physicist's paper
"For centuries, theologians have been explaining the unknowable in terms of the-not-worth-knowing." - Henry Louis Mencken (1880-1956)
"Pray, v.: To ask that the laws of the universe be annulled on behalf of a single petitioner confessedly unworthy." - Ambrose Bierce (1842-1914)
"Every normal man must be tempted at times to spit upon his hands, hoist the black flag, and begin slitting throats." - Henry Louis Mencken (1880-1956)
"Now, now my good man, this is no time for making enemies." - Voltaire (1694-1778) on his deathbed in response to a priest asking that he renounce Satan.
"Fill the unforgiving minute with sixty seconds worth of distance run." - Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936)
"He would make a lovely corpse." - Charles Dickens (1812-1870)
"I've just learned about his illness. Let's hope it's nothing trivial." - Irvin S. Cobb
"I worship the quicksand he walks in." - Art Buchwald
"Wagner's music is better than it sounds." - Mark Twain (1835-1910)
"A poem is never finished, only abandoned." - Paul Valery (1871-1945)
"We are not retreating - we are advancing in another Direction." - General Douglas MacArthur (1880-1964)
"If you were plowing a field, which would you rather use? Two strong oxen or 1024 chickens?" - Seymour Cray (1925-1996), father of supercomputing
"#3 pencils and quadrille pads." - Seymoure Cray (1925-1996) when asked what CAD tools he used to design the Cray I supercomputer; he also recommended using the back side of the pages so that the grid lines were not so dominant.
"Interesting - I use a Mac to help me design the next Cray." - Seymoure Cray (1925-1996) when he was told that Apple Inc. had recently bought a Cray supercomputer to help them design the next Mac.
"Your Highness, I have no need of this hypothesis." - Pierre Laplace (1749-1827), to Napoleon on why his works on celestial mechanics make no mention of God.
"I choose a block of marble and chop off whatever I don't need." - Francois-Auguste Rodin (1840-1917), when asked how he managed to make his remarkable statues
"The man who does not read good books has no advantage over the man who cannot read them." - Mark Twain (1835-1910)
"The truth is more important than the facts." - Frank Lloyd Wright (1868-1959)
"Research is what I'm doing when I don't know what I'm doing." - Wernher Von Braun (1912-1977)
"There are only two tragedies in life: one is not getting what one wants, and the other is getting it." - Oscar Wilde (1854-1900)
"There are only two ways to live your life. One is as though nothing is a miracle. The other is as though everything is a miracle." - Albert Einstein (1879-1955)
"Love is friendship set on fire." - Jeremy Taylor
"God gave men both a penis and a brain, but unfortunately not enough blood supply to run both at the same time." - Robin Williams, commenting on the Clinton/Lewinsky affair
"My occupation now, I suppose, is jail inmate." - Unibomber Theodore Kaczynski, when asked in court what his current profession was
"Woman was God's second mistake." - Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900)
"This isn't right, this isn't even wrong." - Wolfgang Pauli (1900-1958), upon reading a young physicist's paper
"For centuries, theologians have been explaining the unknowable in terms of the-not-worth-knowing." - Henry Louis Mencken (1880-1956)
"Pray, v.: To ask that the laws of the universe be annulled on behalf of a single petitioner confessedly unworthy." - Ambrose Bierce (1842-1914)
"Every normal man must be tempted at times to spit upon his hands, hoist the black flag, and begin slitting throats." - Henry Louis Mencken (1880-1956)
"Now, now my good man, this is no time for making enemies." - Voltaire (1694-1778) on his deathbed in response to a priest asking that he renounce Satan.
"Fill the unforgiving minute with sixty seconds worth of distance run." - Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936)
"He would make a lovely corpse." - Charles Dickens (1812-1870)
"I've just learned about his illness. Let's hope it's nothing trivial." - Irvin S. Cobb
"I worship the quicksand he walks in." - Art Buchwald
"Wagner's music is better than it sounds." - Mark Twain (1835-1910)
"A poem is never finished, only abandoned." - Paul Valery (1871-1945)
"We are not retreating - we are advancing in another Direction." - General Douglas MacArthur (1880-1964)
"If you were plowing a field, which would you rather use? Two strong oxen or 1024 chickens?" - Seymour Cray (1925-1996), father of supercomputing
"#3 pencils and quadrille pads." - Seymoure Cray (1925-1996) when asked what CAD tools he used to design the Cray I supercomputer; he also recommended using the back side of the pages so that the grid lines were not so dominant.
"Interesting - I use a Mac to help me design the next Cray." - Seymoure Cray (1925-1996) when he was told that Apple Inc. had recently bought a Cray supercomputer to help them design the next Mac.
"Your Highness, I have no need of this hypothesis." - Pierre Laplace (1749-1827), to Napoleon on why his works on celestial mechanics make no mention of God.
"I choose a block of marble and chop off whatever I don't need." - Francois-Auguste Rodin (1840-1917), when asked how he managed to make his remarkable statues
"The man who does not read good books has no advantage over the man who cannot read them." - Mark Twain (1835-1910)
"The truth is more important than the facts." - Frank Lloyd Wright (1868-1959)
"Research is what I'm doing when I don't know what I'm doing." - Wernher Von Braun (1912-1977)
"There are only two tragedies in life: one is not getting what one wants, and the other is getting it." - Oscar Wilde (1854-1900)
"There are only two ways to live your life. One is as though nothing is a miracle. The other is as though everything is a miracle." - Albert Einstein (1879-1955)
Thursday, April 2, 2009
Inspirational Quotations by Mahatma Gandhi
• My Life is my Message
• We must be the Change we wish to see
• If my faith burns bright, as I hope it will even if I stand alone, I shall be alive in the grave, and what is more, speaking from it
• Whenever I see an erring man, I say to myself I have also erred; when I see a lustful man I say to myself, so was I once; and in this way I feel kinship with everyone in the world and feel that I cannot be happy without the humblest of us being happy.
• As soon as we lose the moral basis, we cease to be religious. There is no such thing as religion over-riding morality. Man, for instance,cannot be untruthful, cruel or incontinent and claim to have God on his side.
• God sometimes does try to the uttermost those whom he wishes to bless.
• I do not want my house to be walled in on all sides and my windows to be stuffed. I want the cultures of all the lands to be blown about my house as freely as possible. But I refuse to be blown off my feet by any. I refuse to live in other people's houses as an interloper, a beggar or a slave.
• I am but a poor struggling soul yearning to be wholly good, wholly truthful and wholly non-violent in thought, word and deed, but ever failing to reach the ideal which I know to be true. It is a painful climb, but the pain of it is a positive pleasure to me. Each step upwards makes me feel stronger and fit for the next.
• We must be the Change we wish to see
• If my faith burns bright, as I hope it will even if I stand alone, I shall be alive in the grave, and what is more, speaking from it
• Whenever I see an erring man, I say to myself I have also erred; when I see a lustful man I say to myself, so was I once; and in this way I feel kinship with everyone in the world and feel that I cannot be happy without the humblest of us being happy.
• As soon as we lose the moral basis, we cease to be religious. There is no such thing as religion over-riding morality. Man, for instance,cannot be untruthful, cruel or incontinent and claim to have God on his side.
• God sometimes does try to the uttermost those whom he wishes to bless.
• I do not want my house to be walled in on all sides and my windows to be stuffed. I want the cultures of all the lands to be blown about my house as freely as possible. But I refuse to be blown off my feet by any. I refuse to live in other people's houses as an interloper, a beggar or a slave.
• I am but a poor struggling soul yearning to be wholly good, wholly truthful and wholly non-violent in thought, word and deed, but ever failing to reach the ideal which I know to be true. It is a painful climb, but the pain of it is a positive pleasure to me. Each step upwards makes me feel stronger and fit for the next.
Wednesday, April 1, 2009
Famous Quotations by famous People.. 1
A quarrel is quickly settled when deserted by one party:
there is no battle unless there be two. * Lucius Annaeus Seneca
In any contest between power and patience, bet on patience. * W. B. Prescott
Follow the three Rs:
Respect for self,
Respect for others and
Responsibility for all your actions. * The Dalai Lama
First you get on, then you get honest, then you get honors. * Lew Wasserman
Consistency is the last refuge of the unimaginative. * Oscar Wilde
You should have the determination of a bumble-bee, Aerodynamics says it cannot fly, but still it flies. * A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
To be a star you must follow your own light, follow your own path, and never fear the darkness,
for that is when the stars shine the brightest. * Unknown
Nothing gives one person so much advantage over another as to remain always cool and unruffled under all circumstances. * Thomas Jefferson
Forgiveness does not change the past, but it does enlarge the future. * Paul Boese
To some extent, while we think we are simply driving to work every morning to earn a living, the soul knows it is secretly engaged in a life-or-death struggle for its existence. * David Whyte
If we did the things we are capable of, we would astound ourselves. * Thomas Alva Edison
He restrains his friend from committing sins, and induces him to do good deeds.
He conceals the unseemly secrets of a friend, projecting only his good qualities.
He does not desert his friend in difficulties, but gives timely assistance. Saints describe these as the characteristics of a true friend. * Subhashita
You can’t think of risks. I have nothing to lose. You either make something that you like, or you don’t, and you throw it to the universe. * Mike Myers
Be a hero. Always say, “I have no fear.” Tell this to everyone — “Have no fear.” * Swami Vivekananda
It has become appallingly obvious that our technology has exceeded our humanity. * Albert Einstein
If our thoughts and hopes are elsewhere, it is impossible for us to set our faces steadily toward the work required of us. * Anonymous
By cultivating the beautiful we scatter the seeds of heavenly flowers, as by doing good we cultivate those that belong to humanity. * Vernon Howard
There are two kinds of truths. You can recognize small truth because its opposite is falsehood.
The opposite of a great truth is another great truth. * Niels Bohr
Good, the more communicated, more abundant grows. * John Milton
there is no battle unless there be two. * Lucius Annaeus Seneca
In any contest between power and patience, bet on patience. * W. B. Prescott
Follow the three Rs:
Respect for self,
Respect for others and
Responsibility for all your actions. * The Dalai Lama
First you get on, then you get honest, then you get honors. * Lew Wasserman
Consistency is the last refuge of the unimaginative. * Oscar Wilde
You should have the determination of a bumble-bee, Aerodynamics says it cannot fly, but still it flies. * A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
To be a star you must follow your own light, follow your own path, and never fear the darkness,
for that is when the stars shine the brightest. * Unknown
Nothing gives one person so much advantage over another as to remain always cool and unruffled under all circumstances. * Thomas Jefferson
Forgiveness does not change the past, but it does enlarge the future. * Paul Boese
To some extent, while we think we are simply driving to work every morning to earn a living, the soul knows it is secretly engaged in a life-or-death struggle for its existence. * David Whyte
If we did the things we are capable of, we would astound ourselves. * Thomas Alva Edison
He restrains his friend from committing sins, and induces him to do good deeds.
He conceals the unseemly secrets of a friend, projecting only his good qualities.
He does not desert his friend in difficulties, but gives timely assistance. Saints describe these as the characteristics of a true friend. * Subhashita
You can’t think of risks. I have nothing to lose. You either make something that you like, or you don’t, and you throw it to the universe. * Mike Myers
Be a hero. Always say, “I have no fear.” Tell this to everyone — “Have no fear.” * Swami Vivekananda
It has become appallingly obvious that our technology has exceeded our humanity. * Albert Einstein
If our thoughts and hopes are elsewhere, it is impossible for us to set our faces steadily toward the work required of us. * Anonymous
By cultivating the beautiful we scatter the seeds of heavenly flowers, as by doing good we cultivate those that belong to humanity. * Vernon Howard
There are two kinds of truths. You can recognize small truth because its opposite is falsehood.
The opposite of a great truth is another great truth. * Niels Bohr
Good, the more communicated, more abundant grows. * John Milton
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